Forest change and climatic variability are two major drivers for influencing change in watershed hydrology in forest-dominated watersheds. Quantifying their relative contributions is important to fully understand their individual effects. This review paper summarizes the progress on quantifying the relative contributions of forest or land cover change and climatic variability to hydrology in large watersheds using available case studies. It compared pros and cons of various research methods, identified research challenges and proposed future research priorities. Our synthesis shows that the relative hydrological effects of forest changes and climatic variability are largely dependent on their own change magnitudes and watershed characteristics. In some severely disturbed watersheds, impacts of forest changes or land use changes can be as important as those from climatic variability. This paper provides a brief review on eight selected research methods for this type of research. Because each method or technique has its own strengths and weaknesses, combining two or more methods is a more robust approach than using any single method alone. Future research priorities include conducting more case studies, refining research methods, and considering mechanism-based research using landscape ecology and geochemistry approaches. OPEN ACCESSWater 2013, 5 729

Aims Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection may increase the risk of developing dangerous symptoms among the elderly with underlying medical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (Vero) in patients over 60 years of age with hypertension and/or diabetes. Methods An open-label, multi-center, prospective clinical trial was conducted at three medical sites in Fujian, China. Participants aged 60 years and above with hypertension, diabetes, and healthy controls were included in four groups: hypertension, diabetes, combined disease, and healthy controls. Volunteers received two doses of the inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) on days 0 and 21. Adverse events were recorded for 21 days after each dose. Blood samples were taken before the first vaccination and 28 days after the second vaccination to detect the serum conversion rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies. Results A total of 480 participants (110 hypertension, 110 diabetes, 100 combined hypertension and diabetes, and 160 healthy controls) were recruited. The incidences of adverse events in the four groups were 10 (9.1%) in the hypertension group, 19 (17.3%) in the diabetes group, 11 (11.0%) in the combined disease group, and 11 (6.9%) in healthy controls, with no statistical significance ( P > 0.05). At 28 days after the second vaccination, the positive conversion rates of serum neutralizing antibody in the four groups were 97.3%(107/110), 97.3% (107/110), 100.0% (99/99),and 98.7%(155/157), respectively, and the GMTs were 75.28 (95% CI 64.03–88.50), 69.4 (95% CI 59–81.63), 77.21 (95% CI 66.68–89.41), and 78.64 (95% CI 69.87–88.50), respectively. There was no significant difference in neutralizing antibody responses among the four groups ( P > 0.05). Additionally, the GMT after immunization was higher in females than in males (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.31–5.12). Conclusions The BBIBP-CorV vaccine is safe and elicits an adequate antibody response in patients over 60 years of age with hypertension and/or diabetes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05065879.

No abstract

We study the process of a semiflexible polymer chain adsorption on to planar surface by the dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) method, based on the 3D off-lattice model. Both the strength of attractive monomer–surface interaction (εa) and bending energy (b) have pronounced effect on the adsorption and shape of semiflexible polymer chain. The semiflexible polymer can just fully adsorb on to the surface at certain εa, which is defined as critical εa. The essential features of the semiflexible polymer adsorption on to surface are that (i) the critical εa increases with increase in b; (ii) the shape of the fully adsorbed semiflexible polymer chain is film-like toroid, and the toroid becomes more and more perfect with increase in b. In addition, the size of toroid and the number of turns of toroid can be controlled by the b and εa.

In this study, we reported the preparation of a conducting polymeric/inorganic nanohybrid consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), N-doped graphene (NGr), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and its electrochemical application in intelligent sensors and supercapacitors. The multilayer thin film of the PEDOT:PSS-supported MWCNT-NGr nanohybrid was prepared by a facile layer-by-layer assembly strategy. The obtained conducting polymeric/ inorganic nanohybrid modified electrode displayed superior electron transfer ability and a high specific surface area, which was used for electrochemical applications in intelligent sensors and supercapacitors. Remarkably, the fabricated amaranth sensor exhibited a broad linear range of 0.05−10 μM with a limit of detection of 0.015 μM under the optimal conditions. With the help of the response surface methodology, multivariate optimization was used as a substitute for the traditional single variable optimization to reflect the complete real effects of multivariate optimization in a sensing platform. Machine learning implemented by hybrid genetic algorithm-artificial neural network was used as an intelligent analysis model to replace the traditional regression analysis model for realizing intelligent analysis and output of sensing system. The MWCNT-NGr/PEDOT:PSS modified electrode exhibited a considerable specific capacitance of 6.5 mF cm −2 at a current density of 2.0 mA cm −2 . The proposed results provided a new thought for a nanosensing platform equipped with a supercapacitor as a selfpowered electrochemical energy storage system and machine learning as an intelligent analysis and output system in the near future.