Using the yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction system to search for genes capable of forming dimers with the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, we have isolated BOD (Bcl-2-related ovarian death agonist) from an ovarian fusion cDNA library. The three variants of BOD (long, medium, and short) have an open reading frame of 196, 110, and 93 amino acids, respectively; all of them contain a consensus Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain but lack other BH domains found in channel-forming Bcl-2 family proteins. In the yeast cell assay, BOD interacts with diverse antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins [Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Bfl-1, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BHRF-1] but not with different proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (BAD, Bak, Bok, and Bax). After overexpression in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, BOD induces apoptosis that can be prevented by the baculoviral caspase inhibitor P35. The cell-killing activity of BOD is also antagonized in cells cotransfected with the antiapoptotic Bcl-w protein, which showed high affinity for BOD in the two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies showed that BOD mutants with alterations in the BH3 domain lose cell-killing ability, suggesting that the BH3 domain is important for the mediation of cell killing by BOD. BOD mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in ovary and multiple other tissues. The BOD gene is also conserved in diverse mammalian species. Identification of BOD expands the group of proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins that only contains the BH3 domain and allows future elucidation of the intracellular mechanism for apoptosis regulation in ovary and other tissues.

No abstract

Different from the current procedure of T(2) or T(3) sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis, T(4) sympathectomy would be a better and more effective procedure with minimal long-term complications.

We thank Carolyn Akin, Ging-Yuan Chang, and Celia Klotz for their assistance in data collection. We also thank Doc Sisk and the teachers of the Banks County Public Schools. We appreciate the helpful comments that M. Akiyama, D. Bjorklund, B. Blount, W Fabricius, and S. Glynn gave us on other versions of this article.

No abstract