The development of wearable devices provides approaches for the realization of self-health care. Easily carried wearable devices allow individual health monitoring at any place whenever necessary. There are various interesting monitoring targets, including body motion, organ pressure, and biomarkers. An efficient use of space in one small device is a promising resolution to increase the functions of wearable devices. Through integration of a microfluidic system into wearable devices, embedding complicated structures in one design becomes possible and can enable multifunction analyses within a limited device volume. This article reviews the reported microfluidic wearable devices, introduces applications to different biofluids, discusses characteristics of the design strategies and sensing principles, and highlights the attractive configurations of each device. This review seeks to provide a detailed summary of recent advanced microfluidic wearable devices. The overview of advanced key components is the basis for the development of future microfluidic wearable devices. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 16 is June 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Since polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become a vital tool for disease diagnosis, the development of precise applied PCR technologies in point-of care testing (POCT) has become more significant. The microfluidic-based PCR platform offers a great opportunity for on-site diagnosis efficiency, and the system is aimed at user-friendly access. Herein, we demonstrate a microfluidic system with simple operation that provides reliable nucleic acid results from 18 uniform droplets via LAMP qPCR detection. By using only micropipette regulation, users are able to control the nanoliter scale of the droplets in this valve-free and pump-free microfluidic (MF) chip. Based on the oil enclosure method and impermeable fabrication, we successfully preserved the reagent inside the microfluidic system, which significantly reduced the fluid loss and condensation. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the fluorescence intensity between the droplets and during the heating process was <5% and 2.0%, respectively. Additionally, for different nucleic acid detection methods, the MF-LAMP chip in this study showed good applicability to both genome detection and gene expression analysis.
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