Introduction:Vertical Transmission of group B streptococcus (GBS) from a vagina colonized mother to her infant upon rupture of membranes (ROM) or after the onset of labor can cause life-threatening infections in newborn. Although intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) can significantly decrease neonatal GBS diseases, this issue has potentiated the emergence of antibiotic resistance strains. Our study examined the colonization rate of GBS using real-time PCR and culture methods, and trends in antibiotic resistance of GBS isolates obtained from pregnant women in Khorramabad, Iran.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, two vaginal-rectal swabs were collected and analyzed separately from 100 pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation by convenience sampling method. The specimens were subjected to GBS detection using real-time PCR assay and standard culture. Susceptibility pattern of the GBS isolates was examined using the disk diffusion method.Results:GBS carriage rate was 17% and 19% using culture and real-time PCR, respectively. In six samples, the culture was positive and the real-time PCR was negative. Sensitivity and specificity for real-time PCR were 72.7% and 96.1%, respectively using culture as the gold standard. Amongst twenty-two isolates examined, 100% resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was observed. One isolate (4%) exhibited resistance to penicillin.Conclusion:Considering the relatively high GBS carriage rate in Khorramabad, routine antepartum screening for GBS is recommended. Penicillin can remain the antibiotic of choice for IAP; however, in penicillin-allergic mothers, vancomycin can be an alternative antibiotic.
Background:
Transmission of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
M. tuberculosis
) can occur in different ways. Furthermore, drug resistant in
M. tuberculosis
family is a major problem that creates obstacles in treatment and control of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. One of the most prevalent families of
M. tuberculosis
is Haarlem, and it is associated with drug resistant. Our objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and occurrence rate of
M. tuberculosis
Haarlem family multi-drug resistant (MDR) in the worldwide using meta-analysis based on a systematic review that performed on published articles.
Materials and Methods:
Data sources of this study were 78 original articles (2002-2012) that were published in the literatures in several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Biological abstracts, ISI web of knowledge and IranMedex. The articles were systematically reviewed for prevalence and rate of MDR. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and random effects models with the software package Meta R, Version 2.13 (
P
< 0.10).
Results:
Final analysis included 28601 persons in 78 articles. The highest and lowest occurrence rate of Haarlem family in
M. tuberculosis
was in Hungary in 2006 (66.20%) with negative MDR-TB and in China in 2010 (0.8%), respectively. From 2002 to 2012, the lowest rate of prevalence was in 2010, and the highest prevalence rate was in 2012. Also 1.076% were positive for MDR and 9.22% were negative (confidence interval: 95%).0020.
Conclusion:
Many articles and studies are performed in this field globally, and we only chose some of them. Further studies are needed to be done in this field. Our study showed that
M. tuberculosis
Haarlem family is prevalent in European countries. According to the presence of MDR that was seen in our results, effective control programs are needed to control the spread of drug-resistant strains, especially Haarlem family.
Aims: Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss is a flowering plant that the biological activities of the declared species D. kotschyi such as a warm herbal medicine for rheumatoid diseases, headaches, congestion, stomach disorders, liver treatment, and other usages. The current study aims to investigate the chemical composition, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss against OXA-48 producing K. pneumoniae isolated in Kurdistan province, Iran.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.