O objetivo do estudo é estimar a prevalência e caracterizar a Violência Familiar contra Crianças (VFC) adscritas ao Programa Médico de Família de Niterói/RJ, discutindo possibilidades de atuação das equipes visando à prevenção, detecção precoce e acompanhamento de famílias em situação de violência. Trata-se de um inquérito de base populacional, com amostra de 278 crianças, selecionadas através de amostragem sistemática, dentre aquelas adscritas a 27 equipes de Saúde da Família. A prevalência de VFC foi estimada utilizando-se a versão nacional da Conflict Tactics Scale Parent-Child (CTSPC). A agressão psicológica ocorreu em 96,7% (IC 95%: 94,7-98,8) dos domicílios. O castigo corporal foi referido por 93,8% (IC 95%: 92,0-96,7) dos respondentes. A violência física menor e a grave foram praticadas por 51,4% (IC 95%: 45,5-57,3) e 19,8% (IC 95%: 15,1-24,5) das famílias, respectivamente. A mãe foi a principal autora de todos os tipos de maus-tratos, embora a maioria das crianças sofra agressões psicológicas e punições corporais por parte de ambos os pais. Diante das altas prevalências e do envolvimento de toda a família nas situações de violência, preconiza-se que o problema seja considerado prioridade na Estratégia Saúde da Família.

In this cross-sectional study, 207 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative kidney transplant recipients were evaluated based on demographic and epidemiological data and on the levels of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection and liver enzymes. Patients with HBV or human immunodeficiency virus infection were excluded. Sera were analysed for the presence of HBV-DNA. HBV-DNA was detected in two patients (1%), indicating occult hepatitis B (OHB) infection (the HBV-DNA loads were 3.1 and 3.5 IU/mL in these patients). The results of the liver function tests were normal and no serological markers indicative of HBV infection were detected. The prevalence of OHB infection was low among kidney transplant recipients, most likely due to the low HBsAg endemicity in the general population of the study area.

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury usually develops in critically ill patients in the context of multiple organ dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of changes in associated organ dysfunctions over the first three days of renal replacement therapy on the outcomes of patients with acute kidney injury. METHODS: Over a 19-month period, we evaluated 260 patients admitted to the intensive care units of three tertiary-care hospitals who required renal replacement therapy for > 48 h. Organ dysfunctions were evaluated by SOFA score (excluding renal points) on the first (D1) and third (D3) days of renal replacement therapy. Absolute (A-SOFA) and relative (D-SOFA) changes in SOFA scores were also calculated. RESULTS: Hospital mortality rate was 75%. Organ dysfunctions worsened (A-SOFA>0) in 53%, remained unchanged (A-SOFA=0) in 17% and improved (A-SOFA<0) in 30% of patients; and mortality was lower in the last group (80% vs. 84% vs. 61%, p=0.003). SOFA on D1 (p<0.001), SOFA on D3 (p<0.001), A-SOFA (p=0.019) and D-SOFA (p=0.016) were higher in non-survivors. However, neither A-SOFA nor D-SOFA discriminated survivors from non-survivors on an individual basis. Adjusting for other covariates (including SOFA on D1), A-SOFA and D-SOFA were associated with increased mortality, and patients in whom SOFA scores worsened or remained unchanged had poorer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to baseline values, early changes in SOFA score after the start of renal replacement therapy were associated with hospital mortality. However, no prognostic score should be used as the only parameter to predict individual outcomes

Distal RTA and urine concentrating defect were highly prevalent after kidney transplantation both in the sirolimus and tacrolimus treated patients. Acidification test was essential for the appropriate diagnosis of dRTA while dipstick urine specific gravity test was able to detect urine concentrating defect in this population.

In this paper, we address some important issues regarding innovation, sustainability and entrepreneurship in selected case studies based on the Local Innovative and Productive Systems (LIPSs) approach. First, we provide a brief overview of the LIPSs theoretical approach and discuss the relationship between LIPS and sustainability, and then we analyze selected case studies from Brazil in order to understand the relationship between LIPS and sustainability. The case study summarized here were extensive studies carried out by researchers related to a research network specialized in LIPS called RedeSist. The final section provides a brief analysis of how LIPSs have incorporated sustainability and the challenges yet to face.