Abstract3D reconstruction methods can be used to obtain digital models by capturing the shape and appearance of real objects. Due to both scienti c and technological advances, low-cost 3D reconstruction is now widely used to reconstruct objects of reasonable geometric complexity using cheap acquisition hardware; however, it is unclear whether or not these devices produce suitable results to preserve cultural heritage artifacts. First, this paper goes over the general concept of 3D reconstruction and the main di erences between lowcost and general-purpose 3D reconstruction pipelines, these di erences are illustrated using a prototypical low-cost pipeline that has been used to reconstruct heritage artifacts. Then, we present the results of a survey conducted in order to investigate how existing low-cost 3D reconstruction approaches attempted to improve the results of their reconstructions, with an emphasis on the realistic rendering techniques they have used. Throughout the survey process, a categorization for low-cost 3D methodologies was proposed based on the scanning apparatus used by the approaches and other similarities between them. Finally, based on the surveyed studies and the results obtained with the prototypical pipeline, we conclude that it is possible to preserve heritage artifacts using low-cost approaches, granted that modern realism techniques are used to improve the appearance of the models.Key words: Low-cost 3D reconstruction; cultural heritage; digital heritage; survey. ResumoOs métodos de reconstrução 3D permitem a obtenção de modelos digitais através da captura da informação de forma e aparência dos objetos. Devido a avanços cientí cos e tecnológicos, técnicas de reconstrução 3D de baixo custo se tornaram amplamente utilizadas para reconstruir objetos com geometria razoavelmente complexa usando dispositivos de aquisição de baixo custo; no entanto, ainda é discutível a aplicabilidade desses dispositivos de baixo custo para preservação de artefatos culturais. Primeiramente, esse trabalho introduz a área de reconstrução 3D e discute as principais diferenças entre metodologias de reconstrução de baixo custo e metodologias de reconstrução de propósito geral, essas diferenças são ilustradas ao ser apresentado um protótipo de metodologia de baixo custo que foi utilizado para reconstrução de artefatos culturais. Posteriormente, são apresentados os resultados de um levantamento realizado a m de investigar como as propostas existentes de reconstrução de baixo custo visaram melhorar a qualidade das reconstruções geradas, com ênfase nas técnicas de renderização realista utilizadas. Ao longo da realização do levantamento, foi proposta uma categorização dos estudos investigados levando em consideração o aparato de escaneamento utilizado e outras similaridades. Ao m, com base nos estudos levantados e nos resultados obtidos usando a metodologia apresentada, conclui-se que é possível a utilização de metodologias de reconstrução de baixo custo para preservação de artefatos culturais, uma vez que sejam utilizad...

Introduction: Imaging tests are essential for diagnosis in the emergency context and convey clinical information that is essential to assess the appropriateness of the tests and improve their interpretation. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the imaging tests requested by the Emergency Department in a district hospital.Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed computed tomography and ultrasound scans requested by the Emergency Department at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve and considered the following variables: requested test, clinical information provided (complete/incomplete), appropriateness of the test (appropriate/inappropriate), outcome (presence/absence of relevant findings) and findings related to the clinical information (yes/no). Pearson’s chi-squared and odds ratio association tests were used to evaluate the statistical association between the variables.Results: Out of 1427 requests, only 219 (15.3%) were considered to have complete clinical information. Nonetheless, 1075 (75.3%) requests were considered appropriate. Relevant findings were present in about one-third (n = 453; 31.7%) and most of these findings were related to the clinical context (n = 410; 90.5%). There was a significant association between test appropriateness and the presence of relevant findings in the test (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of having a relevant finding was 5.0 times higher in the tests considered appropriate when compared with those classified as inappropriate (CI = 3.4 - 7.3; p < 0.001).Discussion: The fact that appropriate tests potentiate the probability of having a relevant finding emphasizes the importance of defining guidelines so that only the adequate tests are performed.Conclusion: Creating guidelines should improve the appropriateness of imaging tests requested in the Emergency Department, yielding their result, with the consequent rationalization of the available resources.

Background: Although more commonly seen in adult population, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can also be observed in pediatric patients. The etiopathogenesis of pediatric PRES is poorly understood, and the available evidence comes mostly from childhood cancer. Analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the different noncancer-related types can improve the understanding of pediatric PRES.Methods: Systematic review of characteristics and outcome of noncancer pediatric PRES. Primary sources of investigation were identified and selected through Pubmed and Scopus databases. The research was complemented by reference search in relevant publications. Study protocol was registered (Prospero CRD42020165798).Results: We identified 449 cases of noncancer pediatric PRES from 272 studies, median age 10 (newborn to 17 years), 49.9% girls. The 4 most common groups of conditions were renal 165 (36.7%), hematologic 84 (18.7%), autoimmune 64 (14.3%), and cardiovascular 28 (6.2%) disorders. The 4 most prevalent precipitants identified were hypertensive crisis 119 (26.5%), corticosteroids 56 (12.5%), immunosuppression drugs 44 (9.8%), and biologic drugs 14 (3.1%). Clinical presentations included seizures 100 (22.3%), headaches 22 (4.9%), encephalopathy 17 (3.8%), visual disturbances 6 (1.3%), and focal deficit 3 (0.7%). The distribution of lesions was (n = 380): combined anterior/posterior circulation (40.8%), isolated posterior circulation (24.1%), anterior circulation (6.2%), and deep structures (1.6%). Residual neurological deficits occurred in about 1 out 10 cases.Conclusion: Pediatric PRES differs from the adult in etiology, precipitants, and clinical manifestations. Renal diseases predominate, acute raised blood pressure is less frequent, and cortical deficits are rarer. In addition, the proportion of patients with combined anterior/posterior circulation was higher. Permanent neurological sequels can occur.

Poor data acquisition from low-cost cameras, such as low-resolution depth maps or high level of noise or point clouds generated with insufficient information from an object, limits the use of such cameras for heritage artifacts 3D reconstruction. This work proposes to improve this depth low-cost acquisition by using a new approach based on the Super-Resolution technique. The proposed approach has been applied to several artifacts of the Federal University of Bahia Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (MAE/UFBA). As shown in the results, our approach improved the quality of point clouds generated from tested heritage artifacts. Results indicate that whenever artifact geometry is gained via our method there is actual reconstruction of detail or accuracy improvements, whereas a reduction in number of points of the clouds, if any, would indicate the removal of inconsistencies or noise from the input data without loss of detail.