INTRODUCTIONCancer is a worldwide problem as it will affect one in three men and one in four women during their lifetime. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer in men, after lung and prostate cancer, and is the second most frequent cancer in women after breast cancer. It is also the third cause of death in men and women separately, and is the second most frequent cause of death by cancer if both genders are considered together. CRC represents approximately 10% of deaths by cancer. Modifiable risk factors of CRC include smoking, physical inactivity, being overweight and obesity, eating processed meat, and drinking alcohol excessively. CRC screening programs are possible only in economically developed countries. However, attention should be paid in the future to geographical areas with ageing populations and a western lifestyle.19,20 Sigmoidoscopy screening done with people aged 55–64 years has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of CRC by 33% and mortality by CRC by 43%.OBJECTIVETo assess the effect on the incidence and mortality of CRC diet and lifestyle and to determine the effect of secondary prevention through early diagnosis of CRC.METHODOLOGY: A comprehensive search of Medline and Pubmed articles related to primary and secondary prevention of CRC and subsequently, a meta-analysis of the same blocks are performed.RESULTS225 articles related to primary or secondary prevention of CRC were retrieved. Of these 145 were considered valid on meta-analysis: 12 on epidemiology, 56 on diet and lifestyle, and over 77 different screenings for early detection of CRC. Cancer is a worldwide problem as it will affect one in three men and one in four women during their lifetime. There is no doubt whatsoever which environmental factors, probably diet, may account for these cancer rates. Excessive alcohol consumption and cholesterol-rich diet are associated with a high risk of colon cancer. A diet poor in folic acid and vitamin B6 is also associated with a higher risk of developing colon cancer with an overexpression of p53. Eating pulses at least three times a week lowers the risk of developing colon cancer by 33%, after eating less meat, while eating brown rice at least once a week cuts the risk of CRC by 40%. These associations suggest a dose–response effect. Frequently eating cooked green vegetables, nuts, dried fruit, pulses, and brown rice has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal polyps. High calcium intake offers a protector effect against distal colon and rectal tumors as compared with the proximal colon. Higher intake of dairy products and calcium reduces the risk of colon cancer. Taking an aspirin (ASA) regularly after being diagnosed with colon cancer is associated with less risk of dying from this cancer, especially among people who have tumors with COX-2 overexpression.16 Nonetheless, these data do not contradict the data obtained on a possible genetic predisposition, even in sporadic or non-hereditary CRC. CRC is susceptible to screening because it is a serious health problem g...

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Objective: to determine the real importance of anamnesis, physical examination, and various tests in the assessment of acute abdominal pain.Methods: a retrospective observational study with patients complaining of abdominal pain at the Emergency Department, Altiplano Health Area (Murcia) was performed. In our study we considered the following variables: socio-demographic data, history of previous surgery, symptoms, place and type of pain. Imaging tests were labeled as positive, negative, or inconclusive for assumed diagnoses, which were retrospectively assessed by an external radiologist who was unaware of the patient's final diagnosis.Results: our study includes 292 patients with a mean age of 45.49 years; 56.8% of these patients were women. Regarding the frequency of the different acute abdomen diagnoses, appendicitis was the main cause (approx. 25%), followed by cholecystitis (10%). We found a significant diagnostic correlation between pain location in the right hypochondrium (RHC) and a diagnosis with cholecystitis. This location was also significant for acute appendicitis (up to 74%). Regarding clinical signs, we only observed a significant correlation between fever and viscera perforation, and between Murphy's sign and cholecystitis. Sensitivity and specificity found in relation to the psoas sign were similar to those seen in other series, 16 and 95% respectively, and slightly lower than the Blumberg or rebound sign, which we found to be around 50 and 23%, respectively.Conclusions: a) anamnesis and physical examination offer limited accuracy when assessing acute abdomen; b) ultrasound scans offer a low diagnostic agreement index for appendicitis; and c) laparoscopy may prove useful for diagnosis, and is also a possible treatment for acute abdominal pain despite its low diagnostic efficiency.

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Introduction: Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the most complete and healthy dietary models according to numerous studies. In this sense, the university stage involves a substantial change in the eating habits of young adults away from the standards associated with MD. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the level of adherence to the MD of a university population sector, establishing relation patterns with the type of population where students reside and digital leisure habits related with video games. Material and methods: This descriptive and transversal research involved 490 university students (M = 22.8 years old; SD = 3.639), using the KIDMED, CESR and CHCV questionnaires for data collection. Results: More than 70% of the sample needed to improve their diet and only 26.1% eat properly. Besides this, the levels of video game addiction showed that 20% of participants stated potential or severe problems. Relations given for accession to the MD, frequency of use of video games and number of games played showed statistical differences, specifying that video games habits have influence in the accession to the MD at the university stage. Conclusion: Given the low percentage of university students who follow a diet of good quality and its relation with video games use, it is vital to create intervention programs which generate an improvement in the alimentation of this sector, as well as the decrease of sedentary leisure time. Adhesión a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes universitarios y su relación con los hábitos de ocio digital Adherence to Mediterranean diet in university students and its relationship with digital leisure habits

The aim was to describe, in a prospective manner, the clinical, histopathological and epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer patients who attended as outpatients at the Lluís Alcanyís, Xàtiva Medical Oncology Hospital, València, Spain from January 2004 to July 2014. We also analyzed survival and compared our data with that reported in the literature. Methods: Clinical and demographic characteristics were analyzed for the entire series and trends were compared by year of diagnosis. Changes in epidemiology were examined and compared. Results: There were 701 patients (91.4% were men, mean age 67.6). Main histology was squamous cell carcinoma (41.5%). Squamous cell carcinoma prevailed in men (45.5%) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) in women (60.3%). The percentage of men with lung cancer and of patients with squamous cell carcinoma was higher than in the reported worldwide data and remained throughout the 10 years period. Mean survival was low, with < 10% survivors at 5 years. Stage of disease remained the main prognostic factor for survival. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma continues to be the most frequent histological type in our area. Male and smoking is associated with lung carcinoma while ADC more often occurs in females. Over the time, our epidemiological and histological patterns have not changed, possibly in relation to maintenance of smoking habits.