I would first like to thank my thesis advisor Prof. Marcio Carvalho. It was a pleasure to work with him. This work was only possible due to concepts and great discussions provided by Prof. Marcio. I am grateful for his guidance.I would also like to thank Prof. Ivan Menezes. Prof. Ivan welcomed me to PUC-Rio and provided good support and advice in projects conducted through the length of this Master's degree.I also highlight the importance of the support my parents and family offered me.As good friends through this journey, Mateus Gheorghe, Rodolfo Teixeira, Renan Finotti, and Gabriela were the friends I spent most of my time with during the year I have lived in Rio.I also thank the warm welcome from the LMMP members. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001.
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