O objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar e analisar o sentido vivido da capoeira por meio de relatos cedidos pelos Mestres acerca da prática desta manifestação. Vale-se de uma metodologia de inspiração fenomenológica para acessar suas vivências. Realizam-se, para tanto, entrevistas abertas em profundidade, seguidas de uma análise inspirada na arqueologia fenomenológica. Os resultados obtidos apontam para as ações destinadas a ampliar um estilo de lidar com o risco e o perigo em meio à cumplicidade entre os jogadores. Viver a capoeira implica ter sedimentadas e disponibilizadas em si mesmo essas ações, evocando um estilo de estar no mundo cuja sensibilidade corporal pauta valores e gestos reconhecidamente pertinentes à cultura capoeira, mas também reconhecidamente tendendo ao desenvolvimento de uma autenticidade e criatividade pessoais com relação à renovação dos modos de expressão da capoeira a partir de si mesmo. Palavras chave: capoeira, fenomenologia, sentido vivido, artes marciais

Resumo Neste artigo é realizada uma investigação teórica de fundamentos e princípios da fenomenologia clássica enquanto orientação metodológica para o estudo de fenômenos culturais. Tal investigação se inscreve no domínio qualitativo de pesquisa em psicologia e, portanto, no domínio da psicologia da cultura. Porém, ao considerar o domínio geral dos estudos fenomenológicos em psicologia, constata-se a regularidade de críticas à fenomenologia clássica, pondo em questão alguns pressupostos metodológicos adotados por Husserl, tendo por referência, sobretudo, seus trabalhos publicados em vida. Com base em autores contemporâneos que têm se dedicado ao estudo de suas últimas obras e manuscritos ainda não publicados, o debate em torno dessas críticas é atualizado de modo a inovar as reflexões sobre a aplicação empírica de sua fenomenologia. Verificam-se então equivalências entre a arqueologia fenomenológica das culturas e a fenomenologia genética que delineiam as primeiras orientações metodológicas para o estudo de fenômenos culturais.

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender os sentidos inerentes à musicalidade vivida em capoeira. Para tanto, se procede seguindo os passos de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) no enquadre de uma arqueologia fenomenológica das culturas. Os relatos de mestres de capoeira, produzidos sob escuta suspensiva e transcritos, foram analisados mediante sucessivos cruzamentos intencionais. Muitos mestres relatam o atravessamento desta experiência musical que, desde um registro pré-reflexivo, conduz à ação seus corpos durante o jogo. Os resultados descrevem uma afecção musical crucial que inaugura intersubjetivamente uma abertura corpóreo-psíquica aos sentidos dos acontecimentos da roda. Tal abertura se mostra no compartilhar pré-reflexivo de sentimentos próprios à capoeira, em que capoeiristas manifestam-se de modo cultural e existencialmente autêntico. Aprofunda-se a análise à luz do diálogo com a literatura destacando-se a operatividade intersubjetiva da dimensão psíquica no corpo a corpo em ação, articulando-se com as investigações de Husserl sobre o substrato originário das experiências do Outro.

Background Advanced oncological disease requires comprehensive health care, although attention is predominantly paid to the physical dimension of care. The consideration of personal positioning encompasses other dimensions of patients’ management of their illness, such as existential management and expanding forms of care. The objective of this study was to understand the personal positioning of cancer patients in palliative care. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using the mixed convergent parallel method. The sample consisted of 71 cancer patients in palliative care, of whom 14 participated in the qualitative and quantitative portions and 57 participated in only the quantitative portion. Phenomenological interviews were performed, and qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect meaning of life (PIL-Test), quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30), anxiety and depression (HADS) and sociodemographic data. The interview results were analysed according to the principles of classical phenomenology, and the quantitative data were analysed using the generalized structural equations model. Results The results showed that the patients turned to living, focusing on their possibilities and distancing themselves from the impact of the illness and the factuality of death, which the patients themselves associated with not succumbing to depression, a condition whose signs were exhibited by 21% of the sample. Sustaining this positioning required a tenacious fight, which feeds on sensitivity to life. Linked to this position was the belief in the continuation of life through religious faith, together with the patients’ realization of the meaning of their lives. In this same direction, there was a direct association between awareness of the meaning of life and increased scores on the functional scales (p <  0.01) and decreased scores for symptoms (p <  0.01), anxiety (p = 0.02) and depression (p < 0.01). The last element that emerged and structured this experience was the intense will to live and a sense of the value of life. Conclusions Through the use of mixed methods, the present study recognized the existential positioning of cancer patients in palliative care. This understanding can aid in the realization of more comprehensive and meaningful treatment plans and can contribute to the goal of achieving humanization in this area of treatment.

Background The condition of advanced oncological disorders demands a complete health care, although attention has been predominant on physical aspects. To consider personal positioning entails other aspects when dealing with patients’ diseases – such as their existential aspects – expanding forms of care. This study aims to comprehend the personal positioning of oncology patients receiving palliative care. Methods This is a cross-sectional, convergent parallel mixed-methods study. Seventy-one oncology patients in palliative care cooperated with this study, 14 of whom participated in a qualitative approach and 56 in a quantitative approach only. In the former approach, we conducted a phenomenological interview and, in the latter, we used tools to measure meaning of life (PIL-Test), quality of life (EORTC QLQ C-30), anxiety and depression (HADS), and to collect sociodemographic data. Data obtained through the interview were analyzed according to the principles of Classical Phenomenology, and the quantitative data were analyzed through generalized structural equation models. Results Our results showed that patients regained their focus on life, accentuating its possibilities and distancing themselves from the impact of their condition, such as imminent death, which was associated with giving up fighting depression. These signs were observed in 21% of the participants. This demands a tenacious fight that supports a positioning nurtured by sensitivity. Related to such position is the religious belief in life continuation, together with their awareness of the meaning of their own lives. Additionally, we found a direct association between purpose in life and an increase in the scores of functional scales (p < 0.01) and a decrease in scores of symptoms (p < 0.01), anxiety (p = 0.02) and depression (p < 0.01). The last elements to appear and structure the patients’ experience were their intense will to live and the value of life. Conclusions Through the complementarity of a mixed-method approach, this study acknowledged the existential positioning of oncology patients in palliative care that may help in more comprehensive and real treatment plans, contributing for humanization in this area.