KeywordsBroiler chicken, defatted rice bran, enzyme blend, metabolism, mineral retention, performance.Submitted: February/2014 Approved: November/2014 ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of an enzyme blend (EB) on the performance, diet metabolizability, phosphorus (P) retention, and bone mineralization of broilers fed diets containing 10% defatted rice bran (DRB). In total, 432 one-to 38-d-old male Cobb broilers were evaluated according to a completely randomized experimental design in 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Three diets were tested with two nutrient reductions (NR) in the matrix (standard diet; NR I of 75 kcal/kg ME, 0.1% Ca and 0.1% available P; and NR II of 100 kcal/kg ME, 0.1% Ca and 0.1% available P) with or without the addition of an EB (200 g/t). The coefficients of total tract apparent retention (CTTAR) of the diets and P retention were determined by collecting excreta during two periods (14 to 17 and 28 to 31 d). As expected, birds fed the standard diet had higher BW, BW gain, and G:F compared to birds on the NR diets. The EB did not show any positive effects on CTTAR or on performance; however, birds fed the EB retained 6.58% more P from d 14 to 17 (p ≤ 0.07) and 8.55% from d 28 to 31 (p < 0.05). Tibiotarsus ash percentage also increased by 2.45% (p ≤ 0.06) on d 38. In diets containing 10% DRB, the enzyme blend showed biological activity improving P retention and tibiotarsus mineralization.
O presente artigo apresenta um panorama histórico do violento processo que os povos originários do Brasil e os povos africanos sofreram no Brasil na época da colonização. Portanto, o artigo faz um passeio pela história do Brasil, a partir dos anos de 1500, passando pela escravização dos povos indígenas e transitando pela escravização dos povos africanos submetidos à escravidão pelas elites coloniais da época. Para a realização deste trabalho escolhemos como recurso metodológico a revisão de literatura. Diante do que foi apresentado no decorrer deste trabalho podemos considerar que desde os primórdios da colonização do Brasil as populações minoritárias como os indígenas e os africanos escravizados foram submetidos a diferentes tipos de violência, as quais repercutem até os dias atuais.
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