This paper presents results of one-year monitoring of AC side electrical parameters and the characterization of local solar radiation at the biggest rooftop PV Power Plant, with an installed capacity of 1.42 MWp, mounted at Mineirão Football Stadium in Brazil. This stadium is one of the sport facilities that hosted 2014 FIFA World Cup and Rio 2016 Summer Olympics Games in the country. Results showed how it is important to study and characterize the solar resource in the region of interest, based on historic data, to provide the understanding of solar radiation and thus project PV power plants with better performance. Furthermore, AC electrical data show the behavior of active, reactive and apparent powers and the influence of the PV system on the power factor at the local grid utility connection point. Finally, PV power plant performance data (as annual final yield, performance ratio and capacity factor) are also presented and compared with data from PVsyst software simulations. The results over the monitoring period were good considering the specificities of the stadium.

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This research shows the methodology results for outdoor characterization by the I-V curves of the PV power generators at the biggest Brazilian rooftop PV power plant mounted at the Mineirão Football Stadium. The experimental results of the methodology were obtained by a measurement campaign using two capacitive loads. This work identified a significant difference when these measurements were extrapolated to standard test conditions (STC) and compared to the rated power data shown on the PV modules' label at strings: between 24.12% to 26.19% lower. Results showed a contribution of soiling in a power reduction of about 6.7% on average. Additionally, it was considered an uncertain method, and AC electrical parameters were monitored. The reference PV module's calibration was carried out with great attention-the measurements were made with the PV device under test (DUT), guaranteeing the same real operating conditions for the reference PV module and the PV string as DUT. This measurement method has allowed a better characterization of the uncertainty associated with the measurement process. Finally, this study demonstrates the importance of investigating the actual power of the installed PV generators and how these measurements are essential to guaranteeing energy production following the owner's expectations.INDEX TERMS PV power plants, on-site I-V curve measurements, uncertainty method, translation to STC, commissioning/quality assurance, dust and soiling degradation taxes on PV modules.

This paper presents a wind park power quality tool, developed in MATLAB, following the specifications contained in IEC 61400-21 standard, being the flickermeter model constructed according to IEC 61000-4-15 standard. Wind energy dedicated procedures and methodologies, such as the concept of fictitious grid and the two different modes of operation -continuous and commutated -are then applied in accordance with IEC 61400-21 standard. In order to test all the functionalities and proper behaviour of the developed tool, a casestudy from which power quality related data is available, was selected. Some simulation results obtained with the developed software tool are presented with the main objective of illustrating the methodologies that have been followed in its development. Furthermore, the validation of the model implemented in the WECS power quality tool is performed against the results obtained by the certified institution that was involved in the power quality tests of Samos Island, in Greece.

We have modified an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer to provide a sinusoidally varying work load. This was accomplished by applying a low-frequency sinusoidal voltage at the inputs of the electromagnets using a sinusoidal potentiometer, whose shaft was driven by a variable-speed motor, and a voltage-programmable power supply to amplify the signal. The frequency range is currently 0.0017-0.3 Hz. This technique for sinusoidal work loads allow the period, amplitude, and mean position to be easily changed from a console, even during a test if required.

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