Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun. Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection.

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that present with skin and, in some cases, mucosal fragility, predisposing patients to the development of blisters and/or erosions after minimal trauma or friction. Children with a recurrent history of these kinds of lesions or neonates that present them in the absence of another reasonable explanation should be investigated. Diagnosis must be based on clinical and histopathological findings. To date, management of inherited EB basically consists in avoiding traumas that trigger lesions, as well as preventing infection and facilitating healing of the wounds with the systematic use of bandages.

Herpes zoster affects 10-20% of the general population. Motor complications sometimes occur in the segments corresponding to the involved sensory dermatomes causing abdominal wall pseudohernias. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman with herpes zoster characteristical rash following T11-T12 right dermatomes. Ten days after dermatologic manifestations onset, she had developed a protrusion at the abdominal wall on the right flank. The electroneuromyography confirmed axonal motor commitment, and morphological defects were ruled out by ultrasonography. The bulge totally disappeared after 4 months of observation. Postherpetic pseudohernia must be suspected when a patient develops signs and symptoms of motor dysfunction that coincide with or follow a herpes zoster eruption resulting in abdominal-wall herniation. A review of the literature concerning these extremely exceptional sequelae of herpes zoster is presented.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in some regions and its vertical transmission occurs mainly through breastfeeding. About 10% of carriers develop associated diseases including HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and infectious dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH). We searched for available case reports of early-onset HAM/TSP and ATL to evaluate demographic and disease aspects in infantile-juvenile patients. In the reviewed literature, 27 HAM/TSP and 31 ATL cases were found. In almost all of them, the most likely route of transmission was through breastfeeding. ATL is rarely reported, notwithstanding it may be underestimated because T-cell lymphomas are not investigated for HTLV-1 infection in this age group. IDH was frequently associated with HAM/TSP. The investigation of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women is an important matter of public health and should be mandatory in endemic countries.

The frequencies observed here are close to those observed in Peru but different from those of European countries. Unfortunately, the World Health Organization/European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer classification does not include primary cutaneous ATL.

No correlation between advanced MF and expression of CD25 and CD30, or frequency of Ki-67+ cells was found. The frequency of transformation among patients with initially non-transformed MF was high. Our findings support the emphasis given by other authors to IT-MF, a pattern of MF which is generally not considered in many studies.

Adult t-cell leukemiA/lymphomA rev assoC med bras 2016; 62 (7):691-700 691

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