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This paper brings together several contemporary topics in energy systems aiming to provide a literature review based reflection on how several interrelated energy systems can contribute together to a more sustainable world. Some directions are discussed, such as the improvement of the energy efficiency and environmental performance of the systems, the development of new technologies, the increase of the use of renewable energy sources, the promotion of holistic and multidisciplinary studies, and the implementation of new management rules and "eco-friendly and sustainable" oriented policies at different scales. The interrelations of the diverse energy systems are also discussed in order to address their main social-economic-environmental impacts. The subjects covered include the assessment of the electricity market and its main players (demand, supply, distribution), the evaluation of some urban systems (buildings, transportation, commuting), the analysis of the implementation of renewable energy cooperatives, the discussion of the diffusion of the electric vehicle and the importance of new bioenergy systems. This paper also presents relevant research carried out in the framework of both the Energy for Sustainability Initiative of the University of Coimbra and the Sustainable Energy Systems focus area of the MIT-Portugal Program. To conclude, several research topics that should be addressed in the near future are proposed.

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar la persistencia deportiva, utilizando como marco conceptual la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. Para conseguir este objetivo, se emplearon 958 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 16 años de edad, participantes de los deportes colectivos de fútbol, baloncesto, balonmano y voleibol. La persistencia deportiva se analizó mediante el registro de las licencias federativas una temporada después de la primera valoración, contrastándose mediante entrevista semiestructurada. La escala de motivación en el deporte (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Brière y Blais, 1995), y la escala de mediadores motivacionales (García Calvo, Sánchez Miguel, Leo, Sánchez Oliva y Gómez Corrales, 2010b) se utilizaron para conocer los niveles de autodeterminación y necesidades psicológicas básicas. El análisis de varianza demostró (p < .05) que los individuos con menores valores de desmotivación, tendían a persistir la práctica deportiva en mayor medida que los que presentaban niveles inferiores. Además, a través del análisis discriminante se muestran a las necesidades psicológicas básicas como predictores de la continuidad en el deporte. Para finalizar se exponen las limitaciones del estudio y futuras prospectivas de trabajo que permitan aumentar el conocimiento de los motivos y causas que provoca la persistencia en la práctica deportiva.Palabras clave: persistencia deportiva; motivación, deporte escolar; deportes colectivos. R e s u m e nCorrespondencia/correspondence: Tomás García-Calvo Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Universidad de Extremadura Avenida de la Universidad, S/N . 10071 Cáceres E-mail: tgarciac@unex.es This work aims to analyze sport persistence, using Self-Determination Theory as a conceptual framework. To achieve this purpose, we selected 958 young athletes, ranging in age from 11 to 16 years old, belonged to football, basketball, handball and volleyball team sports. The follow-up year study, sport persistence was measured through federative license and checked by semi structure interview. Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Brière andBlais, 1995), and Motivational Mediators Scale (García Calvo, Sánchez Miguel, Leo, Sánchez Oliva and Gómez Corrales, 2010b) were used to know self-determination level and psychological basics needs. Analysis of variance showed (p < .05) that lower amotivation levels persistence more than individual with greater scores. Furthermore, through discriminant analysis we demonstrated that psychological needs emerged as predictors of persistence in the practice. Finally, we indicated limitations of the study and future prospective with the aim to enhance the knowledge about the reasons and motives that promote sport persistence.

This study provides exploratory evidence about how behavioral and neural responses to standard moral dilemmas are influenced by religious belief. Eleven Catholics and 13 Atheists (all female) judged 48 moral dilemmas. Differential neural activity between the two groups was found in precuneus and in prefrontal, frontal and temporal regions. Furthermore, a double dissociation showed that Catholics recruited different areas for deontological (precuneus; temporoparietal junction) and utilitarian moral judgments [dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); temporal poles], whereas Atheists did not (superior parietal gyrus for both types of judgment). Finally, we tested how both groups responded to personal and impersonal moral dilemmas: Catholics showed enhanced activity in DLPFC and posterior cingulate cortex during utilitarian moral judgments to impersonal moral dilemmas and enhanced responses in anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal sulcus during deontological moral judgments to personal moral dilemmas. Our results indicate that moral judgment can be influenced by an acquired set of norms and conventions transmitted through religious indoctrination and practice. Catholic individuals may hold enhanced awareness of the incommensurability between two unequivocal doctrines of the Catholic belief set, triggered explicitly in a moral dilemma: help and care in all circumstances-but thou shalt not kill.