We have engineered recombinant yeast to perform stereospecific hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). This mammalian pro-hormone promotes brain and immune function; hydroxylation at the 7a position by P450 CYP7B is the major pathway of metabolic activation. We have sought to activate DHEA via yeast expression of rat CYP7B enzyme. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to metabolize DHEA by 3b-acetylation; this was abolished by mutation at atf2. DHEA was also toxic, blocking tryptophan (trp) uptake: prototrophic strains were DHEA-resistant. In TRP + atf2 strains DHEA was then converted to androstene-3b,17b-diol (A/enediol) by an endogenous 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17bHSD). Seven yeast polypeptides similar to human 17bHSDs were identified: when expressed in yeast, only AYR1 (1-acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase) increased A/enediol accumulation, while the hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Fox2p, highly homologous to human 17bHSD4, oxidized A/enediol to DHEA. The presence of endogenous yeast enzymes metabolizing steroids may relate to fungal pathogenesis. Disruption of AYR1 eliminated reductive 17bHSD activity, and expression of CYP7B on the combination background (atf2, ayr1, TRP + ) permitted efficient (>98%) bioconversion of DHEA to 7a-hydroxyDHEA, a product of potential medical utility.
El presente estudio investigó la intensidad emocional vivenciada durante la práctica de situaciones expresivas psicomotrices y sociomotrices de cooperación en las sesiones de Educación Física. Participaron 60 alumnos (34 chicas y 26 chicos) de primer curso de la ESO de un instituto de la Región de Murcia. Para conocer sus estados emocionales se empleó la escala Games and Emotions Scale (GES). Los datos se analizaron con las ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas. Los resultados mostraron que tanto las prácticas expresivas psicomotrices y sociomotrices de cooperación, generan intensidades altas de emociones positivas. Sin embargo, en las situaciones psicomotrices se registraron valores más altos de la emoción vergüenza que en las situaciones sociomotrices de cooperación. La conclusión extraída de este estudio implica la necesidad de tener en consideración este tipo de situaciones para el desarrollo del bienestar emocional en el alumnado. Además, aporta evidencias para iniciar la práctica de situaciones expresivas sociomotrices de cooperación por favorecer un clima de bienestar, donde la intensidad de la emoción vergüenza es menor que en las situaciones psicomotrices expresivas. Abstract: The present research analyzed the emotional intensity lived during the practice on psychomotor (individual) and socialmotor (cooperative) body expression situations in Physical Education lessons. 60 students (34 girls and 26 boys) of ESO’s first year from a highschool in the Region of Murcia, took part. To know their emotional state, it was used the Games and Emotion Scale (GES). The data obtained was analyzed with the generalized estimation equations. The results suggested that psychomotor as well as cooperative socialmotor practices generate high intensities in positive emotions. However, psychomotor situations in body expresion registed higher values of shame over cooperatives. The conclusion drawn from this study imply the necessity of considering these kind of situations a way to develop an emotional wellness in students. Furthermore, this provides evidence to start cooperative socialmotor practices to stimulate a wellness atmosphere where the emotional intensity of shame is lower than in psychomotor body expresion.
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