BGP-4 is the routing protocol which holds the Internet together. Additionally and in the absence of a better solution, it is being used for traffic engineering purposes. In the absense of standardised procedures, each autonomous system in the Internet implements traffic engineering based on non-collaborative goals and using Trial and Error techniques.This paper analyses Trial and Error Traffic Engineering. BGP-4 update sequences which flag the use of Trial and Error Traffic Engineering techniques are presented, along with an algorithm to detect them. A Trial and Error Traffic Engineering abnormality is presented. It was detected when Analysing the RIPE routing repositories using the detection algorithm.
Abstract-The Border Gateway Protocol governs the overall routing in the Internet. With the time, it has been overloaded with functions which is was not initially designed for. The main example is Traffic Engineering. Internet Service Providers need to adjust the traffic on their peerings and in absence of a better alternative, use Trial and Error techniques based on manipulating the Autonomous System Path attribute in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) updates. This paper shows sequences of BGP-4 updates where the use of Trial and Error Traffic Engineering techniques have led to instability and the countermeasures used to minimise their impact impact. The analysis methods presented also partially reveal the way Internet Service Providers use AS_PATH Prepending.
Nowadays, while most of the programmable network apparatus vendors support OpenFlow, a number of fragmented control plane solutions exist for proprietary SoftwareDefined Networks. Thus, network applications developers are forced to re-implement their solutions every time they encounter a new network controller. Moreover, different network developers adopt different solutions as control plane programming language (e.g. Frenetic, Procera), severely limiting code sharing and reuse. Despite having OpenFlow as candidate standard interface between the controller and the network infrastructure, interoperability between different controllers and network devices is hindered and closed ecosystems are emerging. In this paper we present the roadmap toward NetIDE, an integrated development environment which aims at supporting the whole development lifecycle of vendor-agnostic network applications.
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