This study determined the reliability of muscle function and sensory perception measures of the wrist extensors. The test-retest reliability of the measurements was determined by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurements (SEMs), and one-way repeated measures ANOVA using the values collected from 25 young (20.6 +/- 1.3 years) healthy male volunteers on two occasions separated by 1 day. The measures consisted of grip strength, wrist extension strength (WES), range of motion in active and passive wrist flexion and extension, choice reaction time (CRT), vibration sense (VIB), joint position error sense (JPE), cold pain (CP) and heat pain threshold, and pressure pain threshold. An acceptable reliability was determined as the ICC values greater than 0.85, CV less than 15%, and SEMs less than 5%. ICC of all measures except for JPE were greater than 0.85, only CV of JPE, CP, and VIB exceeded 15%, SEMs were higher than 5% only for JPE and CP, and the ANOVA showed a significant time effect for CRT and WES. It is concluded that most of the measurements except JPE are reliable and can be used to investigate effects of a physiotherapy intervention on the wrist extensors.
INTRODUCTION: Stroke can cause long-term disabilities to survivors. Rehabilitation is an on-going process and should, ideally, be provided to these people in their homes. This study aimed to investigate the effect that rehabilitation education provided to village health volunteers (VHVs) would have on walking speed and upper extremity (UE) function in stroke survivors who stay at home in Thailand. METHODS: Participants were recruited by purposive sampling, which included 27 stroke survivors from four municipalities in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces. The measuring instruments used were the Ten-Meter Walk Test and the UE motor domain of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Researchers presented a 7-hour rehabilitation education programme to VHVs, who then made weekly1-hour visits to the homes of stroke survivors to implement the rehabilitation programme over eight weeks. Data were collected within seven days before and again after the 8-week programme. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics and the paired t-test were applied to analyse the data. Results showed that the participants used significantly less walking time from pre-test ( X =34.73 ±8.48) to post-test ( X =32.18±9.32) (p<0.05). However, the score of UE function at pre-test (X=36.81±9.59) was not significantly different from that at post-test (X =37.26±9.67). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that trained VHVs can be part of the rehabilitation team and contribute to improved functional performance for disabled stroke survivors, particularly in developing countries. Key words: Hand function, gait speed, Home visit, motor function after stroke, community rehabilitation, home-based rehabilitation
This study investigated whether hot pack treatment could provide prophylactic effects on muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist extensors. Twenty-eight healthy men (age 2191 years, weight 65916 kg, height 17196 cm) were randomly placed into hot pack (n 0 14) and control (n 0 14) groups. All participants performed an exercise consisting of 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the wrist extensors of the non-dominant arm using an isokinetic dynamometer. A hot pack was applied for 20 min to the wrist extensors of the exercised arm before the exercise for the hot pack group. The control group received no treatment before the exercise. Measured variables included pain intensity assessed by a visual analogue scale and a modified Likert's scale, cold thermal pain threshold, pressure pain threshold (PPT), range of motion in active wrist flexion (ROM-AF) and extension (ROM-AE), range of motion in passive wrist flexion (ROM-PF) and extension (ROM-PE), grip strength, and wrist extension strength. Changes in these variables before, immediately after, and 1 to 8 days following the exercise were compared between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. All outcome measures from both groups (except for the cold thermal pain threshold of the hot pack group) demonstrated a significant change within the first 2Á3 days following exercise. Significant differences between groups were only found at a single point in time for PPT, ROM-PF, ROM-PE and ROM-AE, and the changes were smaller for the hot pack group in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that the prophylactic effects of hot pack treatment on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of the wrist extensors are limited.
Background:High-intensity of exercise or unaccustomed eccentric exercise can cause the phenomenon of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage (EIMD) which usually results in cramps, muscle strain, impaired muscle function and delayed-onset muscle soreness.Objectives:This study investigated the prophylactic effects of sauna towards the symptoms associated with muscle damage from eccentric exercises of wrist extensor muscle group.Patients and Methods:A total of twenty-eight subjects (mean age 20.9 years old, SD = 1.6) were randomly divided into the sauna group (n = 14) and the control group (n = 14). In the sauna group, subjects received sauna before eccentric exercise of the wrist extensor. The eccentric exercises were conducted on the non-dominant arm by using an isokinetic dynamometer. Pain Intensity (PI), Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) and passive range of motion of wrist flexion (PF-ROM) and extension (PE-ROM) were measured as pain variables. Grip Strength (GS) and Wrist Extension Strength (WES) were measured as variables of wrist extensor muscle function. All the measurements were performed at baseline, immediately after and from 1st to 8th days after the exercise-induced muscle damage.Results:The sauna group significantly demonstrated a lower deficit in ROM (passive flexion and passive extension), GS and WES following exercise than that of the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Sauna application prior to the exercise-induced muscle damage demonstrated effectiveness in reduction of sensory impairment (PF-ROM and PE-ROM) and improvement of muscle functions (GS, and WES) in wrist extensor muscle group.
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