A prophylactic effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on symptoms of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist extensors

Khamwong, Peanchai; Pirunsan, Ubon; Paungmali, Aatit

doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.07.006

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The results of this section are in line with the studies of Makoc (2015, 2017), Khamwong et al (2011), Krukowska et al (2016 and Ferber et al (2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The PNF method is a tensile technique first used by Kabat to treat paralysis patients and then used by other researchers to increase flexibility and strength in diverse groups of athletes (Yuktasir and Kaya, 2009). Holt, Travis, Okita, Sadie, Wertman, Blank, and Toni Gawa observed a greater increase in flexibility by combining PNF techniques with active (ballistic and static) techniques (Khamwong et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of PNF, ballistic and static stretching on the range of motion after sports injury surgery in football athletes

Sajedi¹,

Bayram²,

Bilgiç³

2020

Afr Educ Res J

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), ballistic, and static stretching exercises on the range of motion after sports injury surgery in soccer team athletes. The purpose of this research was an applied one, in terms of method was descriptive and correlational one. Therefore, in terms of data collection, the research method was the laboratory strategy. The statistical population of this study was injured male students of soccer players who had undergone surgery. The sample included 97 students (30 active ballistic, 30 active statics and 37 PNF stretching exercises). Statistical analysis of the data was done by SPSS 20 software and t-test. Overall, the results showed that PNF stretching had a significant effect, statics stretching had moderate impact and ballistic stretching had a low but significant effect on the range of motion after sports injury in soccer athletes. That is, PNF had the best effect in terms of increasing the range of motion of the muscles after surgery, followed by static and ballistic stretching, respectively.

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“…The results of this section are in line with the studies of Makoc (2015, 2017), Khamwong et al (2011), Krukowska et al (2016 and Ferber et al (2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of PNF, ballistic and static stretching on the range of motion after sports injury surgery in football athletes

Sajedi¹,

Bayram²,

Bilgiç³

2020

Afr Educ Res J

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“…However, most research has demonstrated that stretching prior to exercise is ineffective in reducing soreness or other symptoms of muscle damage (Black and Stevens 2001;Gulick et al 1996;High et al 1989;Johansson et al 1999;Khamwong et al 2011;Lund et al 1998;McHugh and Nesse 2008), with 1 recent exception showing some benefit of stretching (Chen et al 2014). …”

Section: All-cause Injury Rate Vs Specific Injury Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review

Behm

Blazevich

Kay

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

485

530

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Abstract:Recently, there has been a shift from static stretching (SS) or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching within a warm-up to a greater emphasis on dynamic stretching (DS). The objective of this review was to compare the effects of SS, DS, and PNF on performance, range of motion (ROM), and injury prevention. The data indicated that SS-(-3.7%), DS-(+1.3%), and PNF-(-4.4%) induced performance changes were small to moderate with testing performed immediately after stretching, possibly because of reduced muscle activation after SS and PNF. A dose-response relationship illustrated greater performance deficits with ≥60 s (-4.6%) than with <60 s (-1.1%) SS per muscle group. Conversely, SS demonstrated a moderate (2.2%) performance benefit at longer muscle lengths. Testing was performed on average 3-5 min after stretching, and most studies did not include poststretching dynamic activities; when these activities were included, no clear performance effect was observed. DS produced small-to-moderate performance improvements when completed within minutes of physical activity. SS and PNF stretching had no clear effect on all-cause or overuse injuries; no data are available for DS. All forms of training induced ROM improvements, typically lasting <30 min. Changes may result from acute reductions in muscle and tendon stiffness or from neural adaptations causing an improved stretch tolerance. Considering the small-to-moderate changes immediately after stretching and the study limitations, stretching within a warm-up that includes additional poststretching dynamic activity is recommended for reducing muscle injuries and increasing joint ROM with inconsequential effects on subsequent athletic performance.Key words: static stretch, dynamic stretch, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, ballistic stretch, flexibility, warm-up.Résumé : Depuis peu, on utilise plutôt l'étirement dynamique (« DS ») que l'étirement statique (« SS ») ou la facilitation neuromusculaire proprioceptive (« PNF ») au sein d'une séance d'échauffement. Cette analyse documentaire se propose de comparer les effets de SS, DS et PNF sur la performance, l'amplitude de mouvement (« ROM ») et la prévention de blessures. D'après les données, on observe des modifications de performance faibles à modérées quand l'évaluation est réalisée immédi-atement après la séance d'étirement : SS (-3,7 %), DS (+1,3 %) et PNF (-4,4 %), et ce, possiblement à cause de la diminution de l'activation musculaire consécutive à SS et PNF. La relation dose-réponse révèle une plus grande baisse de performance quand la séance de SS par groupe musculaire ≥60 s (-4,6 %) vs. <60 s (-1,1 %). Par contre, SS suscite un gain modéré de performance (2,2 %) quand le muscle est plus allongé. L'évaluation est réalisée en moyenne 3-5 minutes post-étirement. La plupart des études n'incluent pas des activités dynamiques post-étirement; avec l'inclusion de ces activités, on n'observe pas de modification nette de la performance. DS suscite des gains de performance faibles à modérés...

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“…Following the submaximal isometric contraction, the participants were instructed to relax for 5 seconds. 25 In the third stage, the elbow joint was repositioned actively to the new limit of the range of motion and then the physical therapist applied a stretching force for an additional 10 seconds. 26,27 This procedure was repeated 10 times with a rest period of 10 seconds between two successive stretchings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structured exercise programme combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching or static stretching in posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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Objectives: To compare the different stretching techniques, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and static stretching, in patients with elbow stiffness after a treated elbow fracture. Design: Randomized-controlled, single-blind study. Setting: Department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation. Subjects: Forty patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness (24 women; mean age, 41.34 ± 7.57 years). Intervention: PNF stretching group (n = 20), hold-relax PNF stretching combined with a structured exercise programme (two days per week for six weeks); static stretching group (n = 20), static stretching combined with a structured exercise programme (two days per week for six weeks). Main measures: The primary outcome is the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). The secondary outcomes are active range of motion (AROM), visual analogue scale (VAS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Short Form-12 and Global Rating of Change. Participants were assessed at baseline, after a six-week intervention period and one-month later (follow-up). Results: After treatment, improvement in the mean DASH score was slightly better in the PNF stretching group (8.66 ± 6.15) compared with the static stretching group (19.25 ± 10.30) (p = 0.03). The overall group-by-time interaction for the 2 × 3 mixed-model analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was also significant for elbow flexion AROM (mean change for PNF stretching group; static stretching group; 41.10, 34.42, p = 0.04), VAS-rest (-1.31,-1.08, p = 0.03) and VAS-activity (-3.78,-3.47, p = 0.01) in favour of PNF stretching group. The other outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups.

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A prophylactic effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on symptoms of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist extensors

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of PNF, ballistic and static stretching on the range of motion after sports injury surgery in football athletes

Effect of PNF, ballistic and static stretching on the range of motion after sports injury surgery in football athletes

Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review

A structured exercise programme combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching or static stretching in posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow: a randomized controlled trial

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