Food degradation made by mycotoxigenic molds represents a significant challenge too food security. Postbiotics are associated with soluble compounds liberated by living bacterial cells or their construction release after lysis, and these metabolites offer the host biological action and specific physiological benefits. In this work, the postbiotics from tree strains of Lactobacillus spp. (Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC 367, Lacticaseibacillus casei431and Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC) were lyophilized, filtered, and tested to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity in vitro and milk against P. expansoum. Also, to assess the antioxidant efficacy and the free radical scavenging possibility of the postbiotic, DPPH and ABTS + methods were used. Antimicrobial activity and biofilm removal activity of postbiotics depended on the Lactobacillus strains used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the prepared postbiotic was determined to be 70ug/ml. The lowest minimum effective concentration (MEC) of postbiotics were significantly differed, in the food matrix, and a low MEC index (100 mg/ml) was detected for postbiotic of L. brevis. Postbiotics derived from L. brevis showed the highest antimicrobial activity compared to L. casei and L. reuteri. The postbiotic extracted from Lactobacillus strain may have functional properties (potential antimicrobial and anti-biofilm) in vitro and food models.
A bioactive containing packaging system is not only a traditional protective structure for a food product but also offers additional health-benefiting properties. Postbiotics (nonbiotics) are metabolites produced by probiotic microorganisms that have numerous health benefits. The safety and non-toxicity of postbiotics and their capability to prevent the growth of food spoilage microbes are the significant features of postbiotics (cell-free supernatants) in using these components in food manufacturing. In this comprehensive review, authors discuss the characteristics of postbiotics, different types and sources of postbiotics, their application in active packaging and the possibilities of their application in increasing the shelf-life of products with active packaging.
Maternal postpartum depression, one of the most prevalent and incapacitating side effects of motherhood, is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. However, treatment results are still far from ideal. It has recently come to light that dietary changes are linked to changes in gut flora, which raises health risks and makes people more susceptible to a number of diseases. The gut microbiota plays a significant regulating role in the progression of psychiatric illnesses such postpartum depression. Probiotics and prebiotics have recently acquired popularity in studies on mental health and disease. In this review, the authors explore the connection between postpartum depression and gut microbiota, risk factors and how probiotic bacteria work to lessen symptoms, as well as the possibility of using probiotic bacteria as a useful postpartum depression therapy component.
An ion-pair deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was introduced and applied for the extraction of some acidic herbicides from edible oil samples prior to their determination by high performance liquid chromatography. First, a ternary DES composed of decanoic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and phosphocholine chloride is prepared under mild conditions. Then, the analytes are extracted into an alkaline solution from the oil samples by deprotonation of the herbicides. Afterward, the deprotonated analytes are extracted into the prepared DES with the aid of tri-butyl amine (as an ion-pair agent) in the presence of acetic acid (as a pH adjustment agent and dispersive solvent). The validation parameters indicated that the method has low limits of detection (0.09–0.72 ng mL−1) and quantification (0.30–2.3 ng mL−1), an acceptable percision (relative standard deviation ≤ 9.0%) and high extraction recoveries (85–94%), and enrichment factors (566–626). The method was used in the analysis of 35 edible oil samples to assessment the studied analytes and the presence of haloxyfop was confirmed in three corn oils.
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