Background: Safe medication use during pregnancy requires a great understanding of the benefits and risks associated upon use of the drug. Community Pharmacists (CPs) are the most accessible health care professionals for the pregnant women to get safety information about drugs. Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of community pharmacists on medication safety during pregnancy. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted among community pharmacists of various community pharmacies located in Anantapur district. A total of 403 CPs were enrolled and subjected for interview by using pre-validated selfadministered KAP questionnaire on medication safety during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the socio-demographic characteristics and KAP levels. Chi-square test was used to associate demographic profile with KAP levels. Results: A total of 403 community Pharmacists (CPs) were enrolled in the study. Majority of the pharmacists are males (345; 85.6%), residing in semi-urban area (184; 45.6%), possess diploma in pharmacy (232; 57.5%) and having more than 10 years' of experience. Among 403 CPs, only 21 (5.2%) had good knowledge, 380 (94.2%) had positive attitude and 119 (29.5%) have safe practice towards medication safety during pregnancy. Respondent's age, qualification and experience were significantly associated with good knowledge and safe practices. Conclusion: Community pharmacists are having a positive attitude and some knowledge about safe medication use in pregnant women. Still, there is a wide gap in knowledge levels and practices of CPs towards safe medication use in pregnant women. This gap can be fulfilled by providing focused educational intervention to all CPs.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
The pathogenicity of the bacteria is increasing at an alarming rate as they have developed several means to overcome the treatments done for their removal. The Biofilm formation is one of that major ways used by the bacteria to increase its sustainability. This biofilm provides rigidity and resistance to the bacteria against the antibiotics. There is a requirement of another approach to treat such pathogen forming this rigid barrier. Nanoparticles have proven to be effective against such type of barrier and have shown to be potent anti bio film agents. The present study aims on developing the selenium nanoparticles using the biological and chemical methods to act against the bio film forming bacteria that is S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The biofilm forming bacteria were isolated from the sewage water sample on the selective media and further characterized through staining and biochemical test. The selenium nanoparticle was synthesized biologically using Emblica officinalis extract and chemically using ascorbic acid along with sodium selenite in both the cases. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by UV-visible spectra and its antibacterial activity was checked through ‘Agar well diffusion’ against the isolated bacteria. The antioxidant property of both nanoparticles was analyzed through FRAP assay.
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