Large areas of peatlands, in addition to the effect of drainage, were subjected to erosional process and were silted. The objective of the study was to verify whether siltation of peatlands hampers mineralization of remaining peat and alters labile C, N, P and K. Total C and N were measured on a CN analyzer, and total P and K on an ICP spectrometer after microwave digestion. The labile fractions of C, N, P and K were extracted with hot water and measured on the CN analyzer and ICP spectrometer. We noted that labile C, N, P and K concentrations in silted topsoil were lower than the values reported in unsilted topsoil. Higher concentration of labile compounds in peats is a signal of higher biological activity and mineralization of organic matter. A TOC/TP < 300 and TOC/TN of approximately 8 in topsoil suggested diminished mineralization and supported our hypothesis that siltation hampered mineralization of organic matter. The TOC/TK ratio proved to be a fine indicator of the state of organic soils siltation, which enabled the separation of unsilted peats from silted topsoil (on the base of value of 177). It can be assumed that the mineralization of peat layers is hampered by the above lying silted topsoil, which is less biologically active, having less oxygen, and therefore conserving underlying peats against oxidation.
The paper presents the impact of UGmax enricher on soil physical and water retention properties. The experiment was established in 2005 in a 2 ha field 9 km from Lidzbark Warmiñski in the village of Budniki. The studied soils were classified as Cambisols and Luvisols (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015), and they were formed from glaciolimnic deposits. Soil bulk density, soil particle density, texture, total porosity and water retention properties using low and high-pressure chambers were determined. The use of UGmax enricher on loamy soils used as arable lands in temperate climate of north-eastern Poland caused significant decrease of soil bulk density, increase of available water capacity and readily available water capacity. Statistically significant differences between examined soil properties were observed in most studied years.
In the sequence of soil composed of black earths, deluvial soils, organic soils covered with a thin layer of mineral-organic deposit and moorsh soils, soil texture, bulk density, content of organic carbon and organic matter, total porosity, total and readily available water as well as resources of organic matter and water in 0-25 cm and 0-100 cm layers of the soil profile were studied. A catenal variabilities of organic matter content and physical-water properties were found. Physical properties and the contents of total and readily available water depended on soil texture, organic matter content and location in a relief. Total porosity, field water capacity and volume of macropores were positively correlated with organic matter content, and negatively with bulk density. Differences in studied properties between the pedons of black earths and deluvial soils were small, whereas these differences between deluvial and moorsh soils were distinct. In the development of water resources in the profiles of these soils, presence of organic subsoil with high retention capacity played the important role. The studied soils had unfavorable distribution of soil pores, resulting from a small volume of air pores.
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