The article attempts to classify and standardize the terminology used in the literature related to a postmining land use. The following terms were discussed: restoration, reclamation, rehabilitation, land development and revitalization as well as their explicitness enabling one to understand the essence of a certain process properly. On the basis of the existing methods of post-mining areas development found in the literature on the subject, certain inaccuracies related to the terminology of ways of reclamation and methods of development were shown. This situation enables one to offer a new, developed and flexible classification of ways of reclamation including all the possible forms of post-mining land use. This classification considers methods of reclamation and restoration of utility value to post-mining areas on the basis of 6 general (ngen) and 23 specific ways (nspec), which terminology is unambiguous and leaves no space for doubts as to the interpretation. The essence of the offered classification is a possibility of joining general and specific ways into semantic combinations excluding possible inaccuracies in understanding. A possible form of notation of general and specific ways is as follows: \general.specific [, \gen-eral.specific,specific[ and, possibly, \general ? general. specific ? specific[. This kind of approach enables one to consider each place individually, step out of the box and increase a number of semantic combinations from number n gen to number n gen *n spec . The offered classification may also be successfully used in determining ways of rehabilitation, revitalization or land development.
The historic post-mining objects deserve special attention due to their high cognitive and didactic value. Conducting the revitalization of such facilities is aimed at preserving the mining cultural heritage, and as a result, it will insert attractiveness to the region. The publication attempts to present an approach to the issues of revitalization of post-mining objects and their analysis in Poland, Spain, and UK. In Poland, there is the Revitalization Act, which comprehensively defines stages and ways of conducting revitalization. Spanish legal regulations do not provide for a separate legal act on revitalization, but they are based on mining Law, environmental law, and cultural heritage law. On the other hand, legal regulations in UK do not provide solutions for the revitalization of post-mining areas. However, land leases could incorporate within them, prior to any industrial or mining activities commencement, a requirement for re-stabilization or returning the land to a safe environmental condition on activity completion. Despite the considerable diversity of legal conditions in the described countries, revitalization measures are conducted with positive results, as illustrated by the Gold Mine in Zloty Stok, La Tortilla Mine in Linares, and revitalization of King Edward Mine, an old mining site in Cornwall.
The aim of this publication is to analyze the influence of rock mineral composition and rock geometric properties on the quality of crushed aggregates, from the perspective of selecting an adequate aggregate production technology. This research is based on samples of crushed aggregates from plants processing igneous rocks from four different igneous deposits. In the case of the geometric properties, shape and flakiness indexes were identified and subsequently analyzed along with particle size distribution. The performed tests allowed a conclusion that the shape of the particle is influenced by the mineral composition and size distribution. The grain size analysis demonstrated that flaky and non-cubical particles concentrate in the finest grain fractions, and the least variable shape index is observed for basalt aggregate. Some problems were also observed to exist in relation to the classification of grain shape. In the literature, the notions of regular and irregular grains seem to be used interchangeably with the notions of flaky and non-flaky grains. The performed tests show that flaky grains do not necessarily have to be non-cubical and vice versa. Therefore, this article proposes an approach in which the applied technique is precisely explained and the shape of grains is described with four notions: cubical, non-cubical, flaky, and non-flaky. The article also finally concludes that the next step in the research on selecting an optimal production technology of high-quality aggregates should be to analyze the selection of the fragmentation process while also characterizing the geometric properties of the aggregates.
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