Genetic aspects of the pattern of growth and of short-term variations in growth velocity for height were studied in a sample of 44 MZ and 42 DZ twin pairs from the Wroclaw Longitudinal Twin Study. The data consists of serial measurements of height, taken between 8.5 years of age and adulthood. The intra-pair resemblance of the pattern of attained height was quantified by means of the average Euclidean distance coefficient and the coefficient of shape difference, calculated on the raw height-for-age data. Comparison of these resemblance coefficients between the two types of twins indicated that the growth curves of MZ twins are closer to each other, and more similar in shape, than those of DZ twins. The shape of the growth curve was further characterized by a set of biological parameters, derived from Preece Baines model I (PB) fitted to each subject's serial growth data. Genetic analysis of these parameters, according to the model of Christian, Won Kang and Norton (1974), revealed a strong genetic component in the variance of size at particular milestones in the growth process (height at take-off, at peak velocity and at adulthood), and also in the timing of the growth process (age at take-off and at peak velocity). Height velocity at take-off and peak height velocity were also strongly genetically determined. Finally, short-term variations in growth velocity were analysed on the basis of the profiles of the residuals, obtained by the PB fits to each subject's serial measurements of height. Resemblance coefficients were calculated for the profiles of residuals. The results revealed a significantly greater similarity of profile shapes of the residuals in MZ twins than in DZ twins, strongly suggesting that there is a genetic component in the short-term variations of growth velocity.
This work concerns the questions if and to what extent social variables past and present, and actual sports activity and nutritional and smoking habits, have an influence on body compartment indices, and how this differs between female and male medical students from Wrocław, Poland. Backward stepwise regression was applied to four dependent variables, i.e. Body Mass Index (BMI), %Fat Mass (%FM), Extracellular Water/Intracellular Water Index (100 x ECW/ICW) and Body Cell Mass Index (BCMI=BCM/height2), and for eighteen independent variables including nutrition, parents' social status, smoking and sports activity. Females ate meat less frequently and fruit and vegetables more often, and drank beer less frequently but milk more often than did male students. It seems that there exists some effect on fat accumulation resulting from difference in nutrition between females and males. The results may be interpreted in terms of a parental gender effect on body composition of children associated with different conditions of life and nutrition in childhood and youth for female and male students in Wrocław.
OCCURRENCE FREQUENCY OF SELECTED NON-METRICAL FEATURES O F CRANIUM DEPENDING ONCR1BRA ORBITALIA AND THE EQUIPMENT OF GRAVES. The occurrence of some non-metrical features can be conditioned by the paragenetic factors. This fact must be taken into consideration in studies on the so called bio logical distances between populations.
Prof. I. Schwidetzky była antropologiem wybitnym w skali światowej, przez kilka dziesięcioleci wywierała wpływ na rozwój niektórych dziedzin antropologii fizycznej. Przewodnim motywem jej twórczości naukowej było wieloaspektowe poznanie bio logii populacji ludzkich, współczesnych i pradziejowych; biologię populacyjną czło wieka uważała za centralny problem antropologii. Według niej w populacjach dopeł niają się wszystkie procesy, które prowadzą do zmian ich struktury genetycznej, a każda populacja stanowi w swej biologicznej różnorodności wynik procesów rozwo jowych (ewolucyjnych). Populacja ńie była dla niej po prostu zbiorem osobników, lecz wspólnotą o określonej strukturze zawierania małżeństw i wydawania potomstwa i tym samym wielowarstwowym systemem kręgów małżeńskich, tendencji doboru partnerów, wzorów rodzinnych itd. Uważała, że populację należy zawsze badać w podwójnym aspekcie -struktury i dynamiki. Każda bowiem populacja zmienia się ciągle przez społeczne procesy wybiórcze, a każda zmiana sytuacji społecznoekonomicznej zmienia typ procesów wybiórczych, może więc wpływać na strukturę genetyczną populacji: najpierw różnicują się rozkłady genów, różne ich warianty sortują się do różnych warstw (nisz) społecznych, w każdej z nich pojawiają się od mienne typy kojarzenia się małżeństw, inne modele procesów wybiórczych, inna płodność itd. ' Prof. I. Schwidetzky pojmowała człowieka także jako źródło poznania historycz nego. Szukała m .in. odpowiedzi na pytanie, w jakiej mierze antropologiczne właści-
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