Organic and chemical fertilizers are used in agriculture as they improve the fertility of soil and the growth of plants. So, the present investigation was designed to determine the effect of different fertilizers on the nutritional value of Amaranthus spinosus plant. The quantity of different fertilizers was used as 500 kg h-1. Some selected parameters of soil such as temperature (29.50 C), moisture (3.5 %), Water holding capacity (74%), pH (8.17), organic carbon % (1.90) and organic matter % (3.28) were measured and analysed. There was no significant variation in these parameters under different fertilizers treatment. The phytochemicals of Organic fertilizers treated plant sample had higher concentration of Alkaloid (1.06), flavonoid (0.89), tannin (1.48) and saponin (1.67), ash (7.75), moisture (87.6) and protein (9.1), Fe (0.054), Zn (0.008), Cu (0.001), Na (0.0080), Ca (113) and Mg (93) when compared to the other fertilizer treatments. Inorganic fertilizer did not show any significant effect on plant growth, while the combination of organic and chemical fertilizers was found to have a significant effect. The results reveal that organic fertilizers or their combination with chemical fertilizer are better for the crops than chemical fertilizers.
Urinary Tract Infection is a very common kind of microbial infection (mainly bacterial) that affects all the age groups. A high UTI infection rate has been reported in 51 and above aged population beside it’s highly prevalent in sexually active population. In recent times most of the commonly used antibiotics has reported being less
effective against UTI. In this light a retrospective study was designed to understand the resistivity and sensitivity pattern of bacterial population against commonly used antibiotics in 51 plus population of Garhwal region. Urine samples from individuals were collected in sterile bottles. Bacterial cultures from these samples were obtained, pure
cultures were isolated and identified using their characteristic biochemical tests. Resistivity and sensitivity pattern of antibiotics were assessed by agar well method. A high infection rate reported in males as compared to females. E. coli was found main infective agent in most of the samples followed by S. aureus and CoNS. High resistance level was observed against most of the antibiotics generally used while meager of such antibiotics found sensitive to isolates. The high resistivity shown by bacterial population to antibiotic can be attributed to the irrational use and this highlights the need of developing novel antibiotics. The study provides a baseline data for the UTI sensitive
elderly population of Garhwal region. This will also help the state health department in making strategies to contain the infection among elderly people which sometimes becomes life-threatening in the remote hilly areas of this region.
IntroductionColeus forskohlii is an important medicinal plant native to India. It grows wild in a wide range of altitude in the Indian Himalayan region and contains some important phytochcemicals which possess remarkable medicinal properties. The plant contains terpenoid like Forskolin in its roots.
ObjectiveConsidering the medicinal importance of C. forskohlii, being the only source of Forskolinand its availability over a wide altitude range, the effect of altitude on the metabolic diversity and forskolin content was assessed using the HPTLC and HPLC.
MethodsFive populations of Coleus forskohlii collected from five locations of varying altitude from Uttarakhand, India. The plant roots were extracted with methanol by soxhlet extraction. The metabolic diversity was analyzed by employing HPTLC fingerprinting while forskolin was extracted and quantified by HPLC.
ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the phytochemical composition through the HPTLC chromatograms among the studied population across the altitudes. The Gopeshwar population (1488m) showed highest number of bands on HPTLC chromatogram each of which corresponds to acompound. Results of HPLC shows differences in forskolin quantity in studied populations and the Piaplkoti population(1339m) showed highest forskolin accumulation.
ConclusionThe present study confirms that altitude and changing environment affects the nature and quantity of secondary metabolites in C. forskohlii and the environmental conditions might be instrumental factor for intraspecific metabolic diversity. The Pipalkoti (1339m) and Gopeshwar (1488m) populations were found suitable for the forskolin production as well as other metabolites and these two populations can be propagated for commercial use.
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