Benign prostatic hyperplasia refers to the non-malignant growth or enlargement of the prostate gland and is a general cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men which rises with growing age. There is a wide range of management options available from watchful waiting, and medicinal therapy to various surgical intervention methods. Though medicinal therapy is the preliminary treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, some patients lack the desire to keep on with the extended duration, and on occasion, they must break either due to treatment failure or side effects. Lately, numerous innovative surgical methodologies have been established to provide patients with efficient therapy on a day-care basis, without the risk of general anaesthesia and with rapid recovery, marginal morbidity, and safeguarding the reproductive function.  Existing treatment alternatives for benign prostatic hyperplasia differ in the extent of intrusiveness, efficiency, complications, and cost-effectiveness. Various treatment modalities are available these days that are less invasive and have lesser complications as compared to conventional transurethral resection of the prostate. It helps curtail expenses, preserve time for recovery, curb untoward general and reproductive side effects. Laser, endoscopic, robotic, water vapor utilization, and various other minimally invasive methods have demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in various studies.

The overall outcome of the patient after any surgery is determined not only by the fineness of the surgical procedure but also by preoperative conditioning and postoperative care. Prehabilitation decreases the surgical stress response and increases the preparedness of the patient to undergo planned surgical insult. Preoperatively structured inspiratory muscle exercises, cardiopulmonary fitness program, and planned exercise program for muscles of limbs, back, abdomen, head, and neck allow an overall upliftment of the physiological capacity of the patient to better cope with the surgical stress. Optimization of dietary status by macronutrients, micronutrients, and the nutrients has an impact on augmenting postoperative recovery and shortening the overall hospital stay. Preparing patients for the scheduled surgery and initiating alcohol and smoking cessation programs overhaul the patient’s mental health and boost the healing process. This concept of prehabilitation a few weeks before surgery is equally beneficial compared to enhancing operative procedures and postsurgical care.

Introduction: Although the precise aetiology of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is still unclear, risk factors include advanced gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, the prolonged second stage of labour, and intrauterine infection. It has been associated with poor perinatal outcomes including low Apgar scores, increased incidence of neonatal intensive care admission, and a high rate of perinatal death. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid in term deliveries in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among term deliveries in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, in a tertiary care centre from inpatient records starting from 1 November 2019 to 1 November 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: PMG1911281316). Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 1699 term deliveries, meconium-stained amniotic fluid was seen in 91 (5.35%) (4.28-6.42, 95% Confidence Interval). Among these 69 (75.82%) newborns were delivered through lower segment caesarean section and 61 (67%) newborns had Grade II meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Conclusions: The prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid was similar to the studies done in similar settings.