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The depositional environment and climatic conditions significantly affect the composition of early diagenetic minerals (e.g., Burley et al., 1985;Weibel et al., 2017). Therefore, understanding the formation of new mineral phases in sediments is crucial for the interpretation of fluid-mineral diagenetic processes (e.g., Taylor et al., 2010). Cr-rich smectites can form by the decomposition of ultramafic and mafic rocks, as epigenetic minerals, filling voids left by the decomposition of organic matter in Permian sediments or filling material in cavities and fractures hosted

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