Tea Gardens generally produce two kinds of waste materials such as Tea Factory waste (TFW) and Pruning Litter (PL). Minimum 2 % of TFW is produced as by - product during processing of tea contributing a huge quantity as waste material.Similarly during pruning operations considerable amount of biomass are produced. Both the bio-waste materials can be managed by biological process to produce value added organic supplement to enrich the soil of tea plantation. During the present study different physico-chemical properties, viz. pH, P2O2 , K2O and nitrogen’s of TFW were analyzed. In TFW the value of Total soluble solids ranged (27.2-31.1%) and Crude fiber ranged (25.83-31.12%) and Caffenine amount ranged (23.14- 27.94%) and Total ash ranged (3.15-6.54%) The aflavin ranged (0.45-0.76%) and the arubignins ranged (18.45-21.32%). In
TFW and PL some beneficial and active microbial populations are found which can be used in tea plants after making value added compost to increase their natural productivity. In this study focus was given to explore the beneficial and active
microorganisms found in TFW and PL and found some beneficial microbes such as Actinomycetes, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively
Background: The north-eastern region of India well known its innumerable natural resources. Flanked by two of the biodiversity hotspots of Indian subcontinent, North-East India has rich biological diversity of flora and fauna in its every corner. The present study has undertaken to assess the ichthyofaunal resources and physico-chemical parameters of Ranganadi river which will contribute to the scientific knowledge domain and aid in the planning of much needed conservation strategies. Methods: The ichthyofauna and water quality parameters has been studied from February 2021 to January 2022 on a monthly basis in the three different terrains of Ranganadi river. Result: The study revealed 76 fish species belonging to 9 different orders and 26 families. The major share contributed by the order cypriniformes (47.36%) followed by siluriformes (23.68%), Perciformes (13.15%), Synbranchiformes (5.26%), Anabantiformes (3.94%), Clupeiformes (2.63%), Tetradontiformes (1.31%), Anguilliformes (1.31%) and Beloniformes (1.31%) constitutes total ichthyofaunal composition of Ranganadi river recorded in the survey. During the survey, occurrence of fishes from Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT) category also documented in the river basin. The water quality parameters were found to be in the suitable ranges in contrast to parameters of healthy aquatic bodies.
The paper gives an account of the use pattern of Common Indian Monitor (Varanus bengalensis) among Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The Nyishi tribe constitutes nearly 22% of tribal population in the State. Varanus bengalensis is used often as food supplement, in therapeutic cultural and trades. The high rate of killing, 3-4 animals/month in a village and their eggs, poses threats for survival of the species in Arunachal Pradesh.
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