Inclusion of NS1 in the diagnosis of dengue increases the detection rate significantly. In cases of fever, thrombocytopenia is more consistently found in dengue positive rather than dengue negative subjects. It correlates well when NS1 and IgM are detected simultaneously.

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C. albicans from HIV infected individuals showed significant rise in degree of adhesion to the buccal epithelial cells than the isolates from healthy controls, suggesting the enhancement of virulence factors such as adherence in the presence of predisposing condition.

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Aim: Phenotypic Detection of Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ahmedabad. Material and Method: The study was conducted over period of one year, from July 2011 to June 2012. A total of 1072 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from various clinical samples of indoor patients were included in the study. All isolates were non-duplicate. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates was performed by the disc diffusion method. Metallo beta lactamase (MBL) production was detected in imipenem-resistant isolates by phenotypic tests. The Imipenem (IMP)-EDTA combined disc diffusion test was used. Result and Discussion: MBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were 2.35%. Most common MBL producing organism was Klebsiella pneumoniae, from swab and urine of patients collected from ICU (debilitated patients). In present study, the imipenem-resistant isolates also show resistance to other groups of antibiotics, which is a uniquely seen with MBLs producers that show a broad-spectrum resistance profile. The majority of these MBL isolates were from patients of the intensive care unit (ICU) and post-operative wards (surgical ward); areas where the majority of critically ill patients are concentrated. The majority of the organisms were from swab and urine. Klebsiella pneumoniae among all Enterobacteriaceae were the predominant MBL producers in our study. Conclusion: There is a need for active surveillance to detect MBL producers. There should be judicious use of carbapenems to prevent their spread and use of effective antibiotics as per the antibiotic-sensitivity report.

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