The review is devoted to scientific and historical-journalistic works of the late Soviet and post-Soviet periods which formulate the original versions of the events of the Interregnum of 1825 and the revolt of the Decembrists. The elimination of the ideological framework of Soviet studies of the Decembrists emancipated scholarly research and made it possible to put forward previously impossible concepts and hypotheses. On the other hand, the same circumstance contributed to the emergence of conspiracy theories and other quasi-scientific or not at all scientific versions that are not based on the necessary sources, but appeal to a wide range of readers. As a result, modern literature has developed a contradictory variety of conceptual models of different levels and quality claiming to explain the events of 1825. This review offers an experience of understanding the existing range of concepts, versions and hypotheses in post-soviet historiography. It focuses on the main discussion topics: about the circle of contenders to the throne (whether it was limited to Grand Dukes or included the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna); about the position and role of the Governor-General of the capital Miloradovich and the existence of a general opposition or a conspiracy of generals who supported the transfer of the throne to Grand Duke Constantine; about the role of the secret society of the Decembrists and the officer conspiracy initiated by him in the Guards Corps; about other influential political actors (the Russian–American Company, the “German party”, etc.) presumably opposing the accession of Grand Duke Nicholas.
Статья посвящена анализу историографической традиции начала XXI в., относящейся к истории декабристского движения, восстанию на Сенатской площади, а также изучению исторической памяти России об этих событиях за 190 лет. Коллектив авторов прослеживает эволюцию историографического процесса, анализируя результаты важнейшего научного события -Международной научной конференции «Историческая память России и декабристы. 1825-2015», которая прошла в Санкт-Петербурге в юбилейные дни 14-16 декабря 2015 г. Авторы затрагивают проблему формирования и функционирования исторической памяти о декабристах -ключевой сюжет в современных условиях неоднозначного отношения к ним со стороны как власти, так и общества. Библиогр. 13 назв.Ключевые слова: историческая память, декабристы, восстание 14 декабря 1825 г., 190-летие со дня восстания декабристов, декабристоведение.
The publication of memoir texts belonging to the participants of the Decembrists movement, and then the introduction into circulation of scientific academic publications of the Decembrists memoirs, stretched out for more than 150 years and has not yet been completed. The proposed article attempts to consider in general terms the main features and the most important stages of the archaeographic development and publication of the complex of Decembrists memoirs, as well as to summarize some of the results and perspectives of their publication. It is noted that in the pre-revolutionary period, initially, until the beginning of the 20th century, significant memoir texts were published, reflecting the views and ideas of prominent participants in the movement, as well as (in parallel with this) the publication by former members of secret societies and their relatives of individual memoir texts both in the free and censored Russian press. In the last decades of the pre-revolutionary period, systematic collection and publication of Decembrists memoirs began. The Soviet period is divided into three consecutive stages: the continuation of collecting and publishing the Decembrists memoirs in the 1920s-1930s, the beginning of the academic publication of the memoirs of the Decembrists in the 1950s-1960s (in the series "Literary Monuments", "Literary Heritage") and, finally, the beginning of a systematic scientific publication of the Decembrists memoirs in the 1970s-1980s, embodied in the documentary series "Polar Star". The post-Soviet time is marked by the continuation of the systematic scientific publication of the Decembrists memoirs (although less active than in the Soviet period) and the return to the written heritage of the participants in the movement, which was not in demand in previous eras. Summing up the process of including the memoir heritage of the Decembrists into scientific circulation, the author characterizes the work done by the researchers, evaluates the great contribution of the historians of Decembrism to the scientifically published corpus of memoir sources on the history of Russia in the 19 th century, focuses on that part of the memoir heritage of the Decembrists, which has not yet been published as scientific editions, considers the reasons for when the part of the Decembrists memoirs still remains without a full-fledged publication, characterizes the possibility of new editions of the memoirs of the Decembrists.
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