Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium 90 microspheres is an increasingly popular therapy for both primary and secondary liver malignancies. TARE entails delivery of β-particle brachytherapy and embolization of the tumor vasculature. The consequent biological sequelae are distinct from those of other transarterial therapies for liver tumors, as reflected in the often baffling post-treatment imaging features. As the clinical use of TARE is increasing, more diverse post-treatment radiological findings are encountered with variable overlap among treatment response, residual disease, reactionary changes and complications. Thus, post-TARE image interpretation is challenging. This review provides a comprehensive description of the different findings seen in post-treatment scans, with the aim of facilitating appropriate radiological interpretation of post-TARE pathologic changes, notwithstanding their existing limitations.

Sports-related concussion is assessed using both cognitive and motor performance tasks. There is limited understanding of how exercise affects these measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity exercise on three selected measures of motor performance. A repeated measures design was used to compare baseline motor performance scores with post-exercise scores with an exercise intervention modelled on the physiological demands of a team sport. 30 physically active subjects performed timed motor performance tasks: Finger-to-Nose (FTN), Tandem Gait (TG) and Single Leg Stance (SLS). The tasks were administered twice pre-exercise and twice post-exercise. FTN, TG and SLS demonstrated high test-retest reliability (ICC values >0.8). 15 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise caused a significant improvement in FTN (T2 = 2.66 (SD 0.38), T3 = 2.49 (0.32); p<0.001) and TG (T2 = 13.08 (2.84), T3 = 12.23 (2.22); p = 0.001), but not in SLS (T2 = 5.94 (4.99), T3 = 5.91 (5.54); p = 0.507). Improvement in the performance of motor tasks after exercise has implications for the immediate assessment of sports-related concussion, given that measures of motor performance are utilised in concussion assessment instruments.

Background: Ultrasound for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is challenging for nonexperts to perform and interpret. Recording "sweep" images allows more complete hip assessment, suitable for automation by artificial intelligence (AI), but reliability has not been established. We assessed agreement between readers of varying experience and a commercial AI algorithm, in DDH detection from infant hip ultrasound sweeps. Methods: We selected a full spectrum of poor-to-excellent quality images and normal to severe dysplasia, in 240 hips (120 single 2-dimensional images, 120 sweeps). For 12 readers (radiologists, sonographers, clinicians and researchers; 3 were DDH subspecialists), and a ultrasound-FDA-cleared AI software package (Medo Hip), we calculated interobserver reliability for alpha angle measurements by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1 ) and for DDH classification by Randolph Kappa. Results: Alpha angle reliability was high for AI versus subspecialists (ICC = 0.87 for sweeps, 0.90 for single images). For DDH diagnosis from sweeps, agreement was high between subspecialists (kappa = 0.72), and moderate for nonsubspecialists (0.54) and AI (0.47). Agreement was higher for single images (kappa = 0.80, 0.66, 0.49). AI reliability deteriorated more than human readers for the poorest-quality images. The agreement of radiologists and clinicians with the accepted standard, while still high, was significantly poorer for sweeps than 2D images (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In a challenging exercise representing the wide spectrum of image quality and reader experience seen in realworld hip ultrasound, agreement on DDH diagnosis from easily obtained sweeps was only slightly lower than from single images, likely because of the additional step of selecting the best image. AI performed similarly to a nonsubspecialist human reader but was more affected by low-quality images.

We are reporting a case of co-existing left sided pelvic and right sided adrenal myelolipomas in a 68-year-old male patient. Both lesions were incidentally discovered on CT whilst undergoing a staging scan for suspected urinary bladder cancer. The patient had a background of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Contrast enhanced CT scan showed both lesions to be of mixed fat and soft tissue density. Given the size, location, and attenuation characteristics of the pelvic mass, retroperitoneal liposarcoma was thought to be a differential diagnosis, prompting the decision for an elective CT-guided biopsy. Both masses were targeted successfully using core biopsy needles. Subsequently, histopathology results for both the right adrenal and the left pelvic masses showed features compatible with myelolipomas. The right retroperitoneal mass was compatible with an adrenal myelolipoma and left pelvic mass was deemed as an extra-adrenal myelolipoma (EAML).

Lymphoma may involve the adrenal glands, but primary lymphoma is rare. Only a few cases have been reported in medical literature. Primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely rare, accounting for <1% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We here present a case of a middle-aged female who presented with persistent fever for three weeks. She also reported significant weight loss of more than 10 kgs over the duration of three months. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen and pelvis demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses. She underwent short Synacthen test which showed evidence of adrenal insufficiency. She underwent CT-guided adrenal gland biopsy. Histology of adrenal gland biopsy showed features consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was started on R-CHOP chemotherapy and had a good clinical response and remained in complete remission for five months after chemotherapy.