Introduction: At present, the problem of pharmacological correction of free radical processess emerges full-blown. The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effect of taurine and 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives. Materials and methods: The study was performed in Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied in the intracerebral hemorrhage model. Results and discussion: The administration of the studied substances had a positive effect on the survival of the animals within the first day (50% of rats died in the control group, 30% – in the Mexidol- and Ethoxidol-treated groups, and 20% – in LKhT 3-17-treated group). Within the first day after the surgery, all rats with stroke had severe neurological disorders. However, by the 3rd day, the Ethoxidol- and LKhT 3-17-treated rats had a lower neurological deficit. By Day 14, all groups of animals treated with the test substances had a lower severity of post-stroke disorders than those in the control group, which was evident as a 1.5-time lower McGraw Stroke Index score. LKhT 3-17 substance showed the most pronounced neuroprotective effect. Conclusions: The studied derivatives of taurine and 3-hydroxypyridine have a neuroprotective effect, which is manifested in the lower severity of neurological disorders,a more rapid reduction in the signs of neurodegeneration and accelerated hemorrhage processes.
Карбамилированный дарбэпоэтин является перспективным фармакологическим агентом с универсальной цитопротекторной активностью. Его особенностью является отсутствие стимулирующего действия на эритропоэз, которое достигается за счет избирательного взаимодействия с низкоаффинными к эритропоэтину эритропоэтиновыми рецепторами. Для оценки острой токсичности препарат был введен белым лабораторным мышам, а также белым лабораторным крысам подкожно (от 1000 до 5000 мкг/кг) и внутривенно (от 500 до 2500 мкг/кг). Исследовались все критерии в соответствии с действующими рекомендациями, дополнительно анализировались морфологическая картина внутренних органов, активность. При цитологическом исследовании мазка костного мозга в соотношении нормобластов, пронормобластов, моноцитов, сегментоядерных эозинофилов, эозинофильных миелоцитов, сегментоядерных нейтрофилов, палочкоядерных нейтрофилов и нейтрофильных миелоцитов отличий в сравнении с группой, получавшей плацебо, не выявлено. Активность животных, получавших препарат, не имела достоверных отличий от группы, получавшей плацебо. Отсутствие летальности и каких-либо фенотипических изменений (в том числе со стороны красного кровяного ростка) у обоих видов животных позволяет говорить о том, что препарат «карбамилированный дарбэпоэтин» (ООО «Фармапарк», Россия) относится к IV классу малотоксичных лекарственных веществ. Ключевые слова: эритропоэтин, карбамилированный дарбэпоэтин, крысы, гипоксия, острая токсичность Carbamylated darbepoetin is a promising pharmacological agent with universal cytoprotective activity. Its feature is the lack of a stimulating effect on erythropoiesis, which is achieved through selective interaction with low-affinity erythropoietin receptors. To assess the acute toxicity, the drug was administered to white laboratory mice, as well as white laboratory rats subcutaneously (from 1000 to 5000 μg / kg) and intravenously (500 to 2500 μg / kg). All the criteria were investigated, in accordance with the current recommendations, the morphological picture of internal organs and activity were additionally studied. In cytological examination of the bone marrow smear in the ratio of normoblasts, Pronomoblasts, monocytes, segmented nuclear eosinophils, eosinophilic myelocytes, segmented neutrophils, stab neutrophils and neutrophilic myelocytes, there were no differences in comparison with the placebo group. Activity of animals receiving the drug did not have significant differences from the group receiving placebo. The absence of lethality and any phenotypic changes (including from the red blood sprout) in both species of animals makes it possible to judge that the drug carbamylated darbepoetin (Pharmapark, Russia) belongs to the low-toxic drugs (IV class).Известно, что ишемия является одной из наиболее распространенных причин гибели и повреждения клеток. С этим связано наличие консервативных механизмов регуляции кислородного гомеостаза и гомеокинеза. Одна их этих систем, связанная с каскадом гипоксией-индуцируемого фактора, приводит к синтезу эритропоэтина (EPO), предста...
Introduction: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with Fenspiride was carried out on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paws in rats. Materials and methods: Edema was caused by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of 1% λ- carrageenan gel into the hind paw. The severity of edema was assessed by using 37140 plethysmometer (UGO BASILE, Italy). The measurements were performed before edema induction and 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours afterwards. Anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs was also evaluated based on the analysis of rats’ blood, C-reactive protein concentration and histological examination results. Results and discussion: A decrease in the paw volume increment was revealed in the group with the studied drug in comparison with the group with the carrageenan edema model (control) 4, 12, 24 hours after injection of carrageenan (p<0.05). As a result of plethysmometry, a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of the studied drug than that of Fenspiride was revealed. There was a significant decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05), lymphocytes (p<0.05), monocytes (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in the group with the studied drug compared to those the the control 48 hours after the initiation of edema, while in the group with Fenspiride, there was only a decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05) and lymphocytes (p<0.05). There were no differences in the concentration of C-reactive protein between the groups. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum in comparison with Fenspiride, on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paw in rats.
Purulent meningitis (PM) is a severe disease, characterized by high mortality and a formation of a residual neurological deficit. Loss of treatment of PM leads to the lethal outcome in 100% of cases. In addition, death and the development of residual neurological complications are possible despite adequate therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cerebroprotective effects of a new pharmacological compound 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dichlorophenyl(amino)phenylethanoic acid (EMHDPA) on the bacterial purulent meningitis in a model of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Meningitis was simulated by intrathecal injection of the suspension containing Streptococcus pneumoniae at the concentration of 5 × 109 CFU/mL. The cerebroprotective effect was evaluated by survival rates, the severity of neurological deficit, investigatory behaviors, and results of short-term and long-term memory tests. The group administered with EMHDPA showed high survival rates, 80%. Animals treated with the studied compound showed a higher clinical assessment of the rat health status and specific force, and a lesser intensity of neurological deficit compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Locomotor activity of the animals treated with EMHDPA was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There is a decrease in the activity of all estimated indicators of oxidative stress in the group administered with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dichlorophenyl(amino)phenylethanoic acid relative to the control group: a decrease in the activity of catalase—17%, superoxide dismutase—34%, malondialdehyde and acetylhydroperoxides—50%, and nitric oxide—85% (p < 0.05). Analysis of the data obtained during the experiment leads to the conclusion about the effectiveness of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dichlorophenyl(amino)phenylethanoic acid in the treatment of the experimental PM.
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