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The cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world and presents a higher chemical variability for presence of several hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups allow surface modification of biomaterials, with insertion of several chemical groups which change cellulose characteristics. This natural biopolymer and its derivatives have been used a lot as adsorbent, from several contaminants of aqueous medium due to biocompatibility, chemical degradability, and variability. Therefore, this chapter has the objective to review the literature about several cellulose surfaces or cellulosic material incorporation of carboxymethyl, phosphorus, carboxyl, amines, and sulfur , presenting the main characteristics of reactions and showing its adsorption in application of aqueous medium metals, dyes, and drugs , locating the main interactions between biomaterial/contaminant.

The adsorption of Cu (II) from aqueous solutions using coconut shell modified powder was investigated in batch experiments. The surface charge of the adsorbent was determined. The points of zero charge (PZC) of the adsorbents (pHPZC) were 4.5, 2.0, and 2.0 to raw coconut (RC), raw coconut alkalized (RCA), and coconut shell modified with tannic acid (TCA) adsorbent, respectively. Batch experiments were performed under kinetic and equilibrium conditions. The kinetic data were analyzed using a pseudo second‐order, and Elovich equation. Adsorption equilibrium data were investigated using the Langmiur, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Raduschevich (D–R) isotherm models. It has been found that chemically modified coconut shell (TAC) affected performance when compared with unmodified coconut shell (RC). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order rate model. Biosorption kinetics of Cu(II) on the adsorbent TCA was rapid such that almost 90% of Cu(II) were adsorbed within 80 min. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40744.