Many advances have been made on driven piles bearing capacity tests, such as the static and dynamic load tests. However, the cost and the time necessary to prepare these kinds of tests usually restrict their application to a small percentage of the piles. Consequently, the simple and low-cost ways to estimate the bearing capacity of driven piles, for instance, through the final set and the elastic rebound, can be used to control the majority of the piles, and then the results can be compared with more complex and accurate tests executed in fewer elements. This paper describes the development of an in situ tool to measure the elastic rebound and the final set without any direct contact with the pile. Afterwards, these values can be used to evaluate the bearing capacity based on the dynamic formulas proposed by many authors. The apparatus was tested in three different sites, with the results very close to those obtained with the conventional elastic rebound and the final set measuring method.
In this work it is presented a lossless image coding method using a non-causal and non-linear prediction scheme. As in most lossless methods, each pixel is predicted from values of neighbors, and the differences between actual and predicted values are entropy coded. In the proposed method, prediction is not based only on pixels that have already been coded; pixels not coded yet can also be used. The nonlinear prediction scheme requires the storage of additional information. The amount of this side information however, is not significant. The method has been compared with state of the art lossless image coding schemes and good results were obtained.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.