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RESUMORecursos tecnológicos podem contribuir para o ensino da Anatomia Veterinária, tornando as disciplinas relativas a tal área, que são essenciais para a formação dos estudantes de Medicina Veterinária, cada vez mais atualizadas frente às novas tecnologias e às novas gerações de estudantes. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi aplicar a digitalização e a impressão 3D para produzir biomodelos dos esqueletos canino e equino, de modo a disponibilizar as peças produzidas como ferramenta alternativa de estudo nas aulas práticas de anatomia veterinária. Ossos de cão e equino foram digitalizados, sendo possível realizar a sua impressão 3D com preservação eficaz das principais estruturas anatômicas. Por meio desse processo, também foi possível gerar arquivos digitais para que sejam utilizados durante as aulas práticas. Além disso, os biomodelos e os arquivos digitais produzidos poderão ser aplicados como uma forma alternativa e complementar para o estudo anatômico do esqueleto canino e equino.Palavras-Chave: Biomodelagem anatômica; Ossos do Esqueleto; Anatomia Animal. ABSTRACTTechnological resources can contribute to the teaching of Veterinary Anatomy, making this discipline, which is basic and essential for students of Veterinary Medicine, more interesting and accurate. In this study, the objective was to apply the 3D scanning and printing to produce biomodels of the canine and equine skeleton proposing to make available the models produced as a study tool in the practical classes of veterinary anatomy. Dog and equine bones were scanned. Then, it was possible to make the 3D printing of these bones with effective preservation of the main anatomical structures. Through scanning, it was also possible to generate digital files aiming their use in the classroom. These biomodels can be applied in the anatomical canine and equine skeleton study.

This was a pioneer study of the spermatogenic process from the onset of puberty in Spix's yellow-toothed cavies (SYC, Galea spixii) bred in captivity. The study aimed to characterize fine structure of spermatogenesis. Twelve testes from pubertal and post-pubertal SYC males were studied using transmission electron microscopy. Spermatogenesis can be divided into three phases: proliferation, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. In proliferation phase, three types of spermatogonia were identified and characterized as A dark , A pale , and B. In the second phase, spermatocytes (2n) undergo meiotic divisions that generate spermatids (n); the process begins in spermatocytes in the preleptotene stage when they increase their nuclear size, differentiating into spermatocytes in the leptotene stage when cell division is initiated. In addition, we found chromatin condensation, and formation of a structure composed of proteins that formed a central shaft and two lateral bars associated with pairing of homologous chromosomes. During spermiogenesis, the following main events occurred: condensation of nuclear chromatin, formation of acrosome with perfuratorium, elimination of residual cytoplasm, and development of the flagellum. The sperm head is different from that of other rodents. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex are the two main organelles demonstrated during this process. These organelles collaborate through synthesis of proteins and hormones for the development of germ cells during spermatogenesis in SYC.

Buffalo are an economically important source for meat and milk production, especially in Brazil. However, important aspects of their biology remain unknown thus far. Herein, we describe the reproductive characteristics of male Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) raised under extensive management conditions by applying biometrics associated with testicular weight. We analyzed seven males, divided into two groups: G1, which consisted of four 18-month-old animals, and G2, which consisted of three 24-month-old animals. Testicular development occurs slowly in Murrah buffalo, suggesting a delay of sexual maturity. The biometric testicular parameters analyzed were scrotal circumference, testicular weight, testicular length, testicular width, testicular thickness and testicular circumference. Our data indicate strong correlations between SC, age and body weight, and additional significant relationships were identified between body weight, age and other testicular parameters. Thus, these parameters are suitable indicators when selecting bulls for breeding purposes.

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¹ FMVZ -USP ² FZEA -USP Correspondência: Luana Silva: luanastunitz@usp.br RESUMO: O sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata), bem como outros representantes do gênero Callithrix, possui uma grande importância na área da pesquisa, principalmente em estudos biomédicos. Entretanto existe ainda uma carência em pesquisas básicas, tais como aquelas que abarcam aspectos de sua anatomia e de sua fisiologia. Considerando a escassez de informações acerca da morfologia do sistema respiratório em saguis da espécie Callithrix penicillata, objetivou-se neste estudo descrever os aspectos histológicos e ultraestruturais da traquéia, dos brônquios e do pulmão destes animais por meio do uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e da microscopia de luz. Para a avaliação foram utilizados cinco espécimes adultos, 3 fêmeas e 2 machos, que vieram a óbito por causas naturais. Na MEV da traquéia e brônquio observaram-se uma superfície densa de capilares salientes, a cartilagem hialina em formato de "C" e o feixe de músculo liso disposto em formato helicoidal. Já no tocante aos pulmões houve a observação das mesmas estruturas típicas de um pulmão de mamífero. Na microscopia de luz tanto para a traquéia, brônquios e pulmões as estruturas foram similares às já descritas para demais espécies de primatas não-humanos. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa elucidam a morfologia histológica e ultraestrutural da traquéia, brônquios e pulmões do sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata). Servindo assim de subsídio para estudos de anatomia comparada bem como para o conhecimento acerca da morfologia de tal espécie de primata não-humano. Palavras-chave: anatomia veterinária; microscopia de luz; microscopia eletrônica de varredura; saguis; respiração ARCHITECTURE OF THE BRONCHIAL TREE OF BLACK-TUFTED-EAR-MARMOSET: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODEL FOR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INJURIES ABSTRACT:The black-tufted-ear-marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) as well as other representatives of the genus Callithrix, has a great importance in research, especially in biomedical studies. However there is still a lack in basic research, such as those covering aspects of their anatomy and physiology. Given the scarcity of information about the morphology of the respiratory system in Callithrix penicillata, this study aimed to describe the histological and ultrastructural aspects of the trachea, bronchus and lung of these animals through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. For the evaluation we used five adult specimens, three females and two males, which they had died of natural causes. SEM in the trachea and bronchi were observed a dense surface of capillaries protruding numerous pores of Kohn, the hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle bundle arranged in a spiral. Already with regard to the lungs was the observation of the same structures typical of a mammalian lung. In light microscopy both the trachea, bronchi and lungs were similar to the structures already described for other species of primates non-human. The data obtained in this stu...

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(6):553-558, junho 2012 553 RESUMO.-O músculo diafragma, encontrado apenas nos mamíferos, é o principal músculo no processo respiratório, servindo de fronteira entre as cavidades torácica e abdoDescrição morfológica do diafragma do sagui-de-tufo-branco (Callithrix jacchus) The diaphragm muscle found only in mammals is the main muscle in the respiratory process, serving as the border between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Its signiϐicance also is highlighted in research conducted with grafts using various types of biological membranes for the repair of diaphragmatic defects which may cause diaphragmatic hernias. In spite of many studies already conducted in non-human primates, especially in regard to the new world species Callithrix jacchus (white-tufted-ear-marmoset) from northeastern Brazil, research involving use of the diaphragm in such species is nonexistent. Thus, the objective was to characterize the morphology and biometry of the diaphragm in C. jacchus of both sexes, analyzing possible structural differences between males and females. To this end, we used four adult white-tufted-ear-marmosets from a commercial breeder, two males and two females that had died of natural causes. After ϐixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, the animals were dissected for photo documentation, the diaphragm was collected for biometrics (length and width) with a caliper, and for histological processing by hematoxylin-eosin and Trichrome Masson. The measurements showed that there were no signiϐicant differences between males and females. The topography and the presence of three openings (foramen vena cava, aortic et esophageal hiatus) in the extension of the diaphragm corroborate descriptions in classical literature for other mammals. Regarding the histological ϐindings, it was concluded that the muscular ϐibers are arranged in an organized shape, with a large diameter and basal nuclei, and showed similar characteristics of skeletal muscle in males and females.

Letrozole is used as a therapeutic agent in reproductive disorders caused by high estrogen levels. Letrozole inhibits cytochrome P450 aromatase and reduces estrogen levels. However, the effects of longterm use on reproductive traits are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prolonged use of letrozole in the gonads of rodents (Spix's yellow-toothed cavy; Galea spixii). Forty-eight rodents (24 males and 24 females) were randomly divided into the treated and control groups. Letrozole administration started at 15 days of age and continued weekly until 30, 45, 90, and 120 days of age. The body, testis, and ovary weights were analyzed, as well as the morphological progression of spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis. Macroscopically, body weight gain and gonads weight were increased in the letrozole group. Microscopically, the ovaries of treated females showed stratified epithelium and a cellular disorder of the tunica albuginea. In the testes of treated males, the development of seminiferous tubules was delayed and sperm was absent. The collective findings indicate that the prolonged use of letrozole alters secondary sexual characteristics, and causes weight gain, reproductive changes, and male infertility.