Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) are the active ingredients in Kathon CG ® , a cosmetic preservative available in the market since the 80s. MCI and MI are mixed in a ratio 3:1. MI alone was approved for use as a preservative in 2005, as it was considered a less sensitizing agent compared to chlorine. However, it has been used at a much higher concentration to be effective and this has caused the current epidemic of allergy to this substance. This review aimed to examine the current outbreak of cases of contact allergy to MI observed in several countries, including Brazil. Data sources were major original articles and reviews indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO databases and published in recent years. The results showed a high rate of positive tests for allergy both to MCI/MI combination and to MI alone, as well as a significant increase in the prevalence of allergy to this substance in recent years. In conclusion, this common preservative requires attention. Importantly, MCI/MI combination tests may not diagnose cases of allergy to MI alone. Although this substance is not found alone in the Brazilian standard battery, research on its sensitivity is essential.
Introduction: Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) consists of the simultaneous presence of two primary tumors at diagnosis. There is no consensus on its origin, and it may be a metastasis of a primary lesion or a second independent tumor. The incidence of SBBC has been reported to be approximately 3%. The prognosis of SBBC was considered to be reserved, which is why bilateral mastectomy is the preferred approach. Case report: A 44-year-old patient with no family record of gynecological neoplasm sought care reporting bilateral breast pain and palpable nodular lesions on the breasts. On examination, a hard nodule measuring 10×12 cm was palpated on the left breast (LB) associated with ulcerated areas in the superior lateral quadrant. On the right breast (RB), a mobile nodule was palpable, measuring 8×8 cm with chocolate- -colored nipple discharge. Clinically positive axillary lymph nodes are bilateral. She had a mammogram, which showed a nodule with spiculated contours, measuring 2.5 cm in the SLQ of the LB, with apparent associated dermal retraction and multiple, grouped microcalcifications on RB-BIRADS 5. She underwent core biopsy, which resulted in invasive lobular carcinoma and dermal infiltration, with immunohistochemistry (IHC): positive PR and ER, positive HER2, Ki-67 positive in 40% on LB, and carcinoma invasive ductal, non-special type, with IHC: negative RP and RE, HER2 score 3+, and Ki-67 positive in 60% on RB. She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by bilateral mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The anatomopathological (AP) study of the LB surgical specimens revealed residual ductal carcinoma in situ, free margins, and neoplasm-free lymph nodes. The RB’s AP revealed high-grade (comedocarcinoma), intermediate-grade residual intraductal carcinoma, alongside an extensive fibro hyalinized area of the stroma, foci of lobular cancerization, absence of residual invasive component, free margins, and absence of lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and hormone therapy with tamoxifen.
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.