RESUMOAs estações do ano têm grande influência na produção leiteira, principalmente quando os animais lactentes ficam expostos às suas variações climáticas. No Brasil, essa situação é recorrente, sendo necessários maiores esclarecimentos a fim de amenizar os prejuízos decorrentes de oscilações em componentes do leite. O objetivo foi avaliar como a sazonalidade influencia os componentes físico-químicos e a qualidade microbiológica do leite cru da região de Ivaiporã -PR. Assim, o leite produzido em propriedades do norte do Paraná foi analisado durante o decorrer de 24 meses. As amostras foram quantificadas quanto à porcentagem de lactose, proteínas, gordura, sólidos totais, contagem de bactérias totais e contagem de células somáticas. O índice pluviométrico regional e a temperatura média registrada em cada estação foram analisados para a determinação de Índice de Conforto Térmico e avaliação do estresse térmico sofrido pelos animais. Este estudo concluiu que a sazonalidade tem influência nas características microbiológicas e físico-químicas do leite na região de Ivaiporã, com maiores porcentagens de sólidos no outono e pior qualidade microbiológica na primavera.

Trichinella is a zoonotic nematode traditionally detected worldwide in both domestic and wild animals. In South America, along with the occurrence of this parasite in domestic pigs and wild boars, there are reports of infection in wild carnivores. Brazil is considered free of the domestic cycle of Trichinella, but there is unpublished serological evidence of infection in wild boars, which changed the Brazilian status in OIE regarding the disease after an official communication. We investigated Trichinella spp. infection in wild boars and wild carnivores in the Southeastern region of Brazil. A total of 136 samples were tested, 121 from wild boars and 15 from wild carnivores. Artificial enzymatic digestion (AED) tests were performed on muscle samples from 37 wild boars and 15 wild carnivores, and 115 serum samples from wild boars were tested by iELISA. Seven serum samples from wild boars tested positive (7/115 = 6.1%, 95% CI 3.0–12.0), but no larvae were found in the AED. There was no significant difference between sex, age, and location of the samples. The serological results suggest that a wild cycle of Trichinella spp. may occur in Brazil, but further analyses should be performed to confirm the presence of the parasite.

The present study aimed to investigate, by molecular techniques, the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, Rickettsiaceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Coxiellaceae, and Babesiidae/Theileriidae agents in blood samples of free-living wild boars (Sus scrofa) and associated ticks in south-eastern Brazil. For this purpose, 67 blood samples and 265 ticks (264 Amblyomma sculptum and one Amblyomma ovale) were analysed.In the screening for Anaplasmataceae agents by a PCR assay based on the 16S rRNA gene, 5.97% blood samples and 50.54% ticks were positive. In the PCR assay for Ehrlichia spp. based on the dsb gene, 9.24% of ticks were positive. Despite the low occurrence, a possible new 16S rRNA genotype of Anaplasma sp. was detected in a wild boar's blood sample. According to phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA, gltA, and sodB genes and ITS (23S-5S rRNA) intergenic region, it was found that A. sculptum and A. ovale ticks collected from wild boars carry Ehrlichia genotypes phylogenetically associated with Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia ruminantium, and new Ehrlichia genotypes previously detected in horses, peccaries, and ticks collected from jaguars.In the screening for haemoplasmas by a qPCR based on the 16S rRNA gene, 88.06% of blood samples and 8.69% of ticks were positive. Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and a possible new haemoplasma genotype were detected in wild boars in southeastern Brazil. In the screening for Bartonella spp. using a nuoG-based qPCR assay, 3.8% of tick samples were positive. Phylogenetic inferences positioned four nuoG and one r gltA Bartonella sequences into the same clade as Bartonella machadoae. No blood or tick samples from wild boars showed to be positive in the qPCR for Coxiella burnetii based on the IS1111 gene. On the other hand, only 1.6% of ticks were positive in the e2808

European wild boars (Sus scrofa) are considered exotic invasive species worldwide. Invasions of wild boars are a growing public health concern, as wild boars may represent an important reservoir of zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria of the genus Salmonella. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and serovars of Salmonella spp. in free-ranging wild boars legally hunted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and the susceptibility of those Salmonella spp. to antimicrobials. Fecal samples and mesenteric lymph nodes were acquired from 63 wild boars. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in free-ranging wild boars was 9.5 % (6/63; confidence interval: 4.4 % - 19.2 %). Six serovars were isolated: S. enterica subsp. enterica ser. 4,5,12:-:1,2, S. enterica ser. Cerro, S. enterica ser. Madelia, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, S. enterica ser. I (4,5,12:i:-) and S. enterica ser. Muenster. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. showed that the majority of serovars were fully susceptible to the tested antimicrobials. Only S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Muenster showed a resistance pattern to at least one antimicrobial analyzed. To our knowledge, this study is the first report the prevalence and serovars of Salmonella spp. in free-ranging wild boars in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results indicate a low prevalence with variability of Salmonella serovars, with some pattern of antimicrobial resistance. This study highlights the potential role of wild boars as carriers of Salmonella and could pose a risk to wild and domestic animals as well as humans.

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to analyze the sanitation process of the properties certified as free of brucellosis and tuberculosis in the State of São Paulo. However, 14 properties with free certification, between the years 2001 and 2016, were identified and analyzed. The municipalities of the properties were geoprocessed on the map of the state livestock circuit. Through descriptive statistics, a semi-structured questionnaire was evaluated with questions related to the profile of properties (characteristics of the owner, property, production and questions related to human, animal and environmental health) and to the sanitation process. The results showed that, in the state of São Paulo, the 14 certified properties free of brucellosis and tuberculosis were not uniformly distributed, it had herds with 90 to 500 animals, monthly veterinary assistance and milk production was technified with medium or large production capacity milk daily. The owners had an average age of 63, 92.8% (13/14) of them with a higher education level and found difficulties to obtain and maintain the certificate. These properties, even in the process of sanitation, had reinfection in the herd, evidencing the complexity in combating the diseases and the need for more joint actions among the whole community.