The objectives of this research were to perform the physical, chemical and sensorial characterization, for hybrid and open pollinated tomato, within the Santa Cruz and Italian groups, aiming fresh consumption. A total of 14 fresh market tomato cultivars was used, six of them being experimental varieties and eight were commercial ones. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with six replicates and five plants per plot. For the chemicophysical analysis, samples of ripe fruits were randomly extracted from five plants in each plot, labeled and maintained under refrigeration at 5ºC until the next day after harvest. Afterwards, fruits of all cultivars were mixed, ground and divided in triplicates to be submitted to the physicochemical analysis. From the physicochemical analysis it was observed that the value of the ratio between soluble solids (SS)/titratable acidity (TA) was higher in the cultivars IAC 6 and IAC 3. In relation to the SS content, the highest values were obtained by cultivars IAC 1 and IAC 6. In order to evaluate the commercial value of the cultivars, a sensorial analysis was carried out with fruits tasted by 75 individuals, using a hedonic scale of seven points. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and grouping of means. The cultivars of the Italian group IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno and Bari; as well as the cultivars of the Santa Cruz group IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 and Débora Victory reached the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. All the cultivars presented reasonable quality of the fruits, with SS/TA ratio values higher than 16 and SS values higher than 4ºBrix.

Tomato is one of the most important crops, the worldwide production in 2012 reached 161.8 million tons. Considering the lack of agronomic information on already available cultivars as well as on the varieties under development by breeding programs for organic systems, the objectives of this work were determine the yield components of 14 tomato cultivars in the organic system, through univariate and multivariate analysis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total, marketable and non-marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant, in 2010. We carried out analysis of variance, using test F 5%. The effect of cultivar was fixed and the block effect was random. Then, means were ranked according to Scott-Knott 5%. Differences among cultivars were significant for total yield, number of marketable fruits per plant and marketable yield. The mean for total yield among cultivars was 51 t/ha and for marketable yield was 41 t/ha. Cultivars IAC 1 and Santa Clara were the least dissimilar (0.38). On the other hand, cultivars HTV 0601 and IAC 3 were the most dissimilar (10.63). The score dispersion graph showed two distinct groups. The second group contained cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno, which stood out in the evaluation for the organic production system, presenting the highest total yield, marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant. Multivariate analysis was effective in identifying clusters of cultivars.

Brazil is the world eighth largest tomato producer and, within the country, the tomato production chain is segmented according to fruit destination: fresh consumption and processing (industrial supply). In contrast, Mozambique does not have a differentiated chain and cultivars are expected to serve both purposes. As there are no tomato breeding programs in Mozambique, cultivars used in the country come from other regions of the world, including Brazil. This paper describes the development and assessment of tomato hybrids with dual-purpose: fresh use and processing. Five tomato genotypes (B13LD, Castone, Massag-72, "Viradoro", and "Rio Grande") were crossed in complete diallel design without reciprocal, and the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) and heterosis were estimated to ten agronomic and fruit quality traits. The offspring of cross B13LD x "Rio Grande" showed potential for use in dual purpose, considering SCA and heterosis estimates for fruit firmness (FF), total content of soluble solids (TSS), number of fruits per plant (NFP) and yield (YLD). Combinations B13LD x Castone, Massag-72 x "Viradoro", and Massag-72 x "Rio Grande", although having no strength to increase YLD, had positive heterosis for FF, TSS, and NFP. The development of high-yielding genotypes, with agronomic traits that meet the expectations of both markets are a breakthrough for Mozambican tomato producers and may also be very convenient to family farmers in Brazil. In both countries, these dual-purpose cultivars represent the freedom of choice to farmers, who will be then in position to allocate their production to the most profitable market segment.

Yield and disease incidence were evaluated in potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Atlantic) after six years of cultivation in succession with corn (Zea mays, cv. 'AG 6080') under conventional tillage (CT, depth of tillage: 20 cm) or in succession with three grass species [Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, cv. Tanzânia), Palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu) and corn] under deep tillage (DT, depth of tillage: 70 cm). Total tuber yield was higher in DT in average 36% the value obtained in CT (17.76 t/ha), with no effect of the grass species. Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) incidence was influenced by treatments, the highest (16.9%) and the lowest (9.5%) values being obtained in succession with corn and Guinea grass, respectively, both under DT. The lowest incidence of tuber greening at field (2.58%) was also recorded in Guinea DT, significantly lower than obtained in Corn CT (6.33%), possibly due to a more efficient ridging operation. Grass species showed different values of aboveground dry biomass production. Guinea grass (26.56 t/ha) was the most and Corn under CT and DT (5.72 and 5.56 t/ha, respectively, without ears) were the least productive ones. Soil density, macroporosity and resistance to penetration indices were significantly better with DT, the grass species affecting them in a minor degree. The deep tillage system is, therefore, recommended for potato cultivation regardless the grass species used for crop succession.Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, compaction, soil recuperation, crop succession. RESUMOAtributos do solo e da cultura da batata em preparo profundo de solo e sucessão com poáceas A produtividade e a incidência de doenças foram avaliadas na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Atlantic) após seis anos de cultivo em sucessão com milho (Zea mays, cv. 'AG 6080') sob manejo de solo convencional (CT, profundidade da operação de preparo: 20 cm) ou em sucessão de culturas com três espécies de poácea [capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum, cv. Tanzânia), capim Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu) e milho], sob manejo profundo de solo (DT, profundidade da operação de preparo: 70 cm). A produtividade total em tubérculos para os tratamentos em DT foi, em média, 36% maior em relação ao CT (17,76 t/ha), não havendo efeito da poácea cultivada em sucessão. A incidência de sarna comum (Streptomyces scabies) foi influenciada pelos tratamentos, sendo a mais alta (16,9%) e a mais baixa (9.5%) registradas quando milho e capim Tanzânia, respectivamente, foram utilizados como cultura em sucessão, ambos sob DT. A incidência mais baixa de esverdeamento de tubérculos em campo (2,58%) foi também obtida para sucessão com capim Tanzânia sob DT, significativamente inferior ao valor obtido em milho CT (6,33%), possivelmente devido à maior eficácia da operação de amontoa. As diferentes poáceas apresentaram valores diferentes de produção de biomassa seca de parte aérea. O capim Tanzânia (26,56 t/ha) foi a poácea mais produtiva e o milho sob CT e DT (5,72 e 5,56 t/ha, respectivamente, sem considerar as esp...

No Brasil, a batata é usualmente cultivada após a cultura do milho utilizando-se preparo de solo capaz de atingir por volta de 20 cm de profundidade, em que os impedimentos físicos existentes abaixo da camada preparada não são removidos. Desse modo, postula-se que a realização de preparo profundo de solo associado à sucessão com outras poáceas, tais como as forrageiras, seja uma alternativa para proporcionar maior desenvolvimento da batateira. O presente estudo, realizado com a cultivar Atlantic, teve como objetivo comparar o sistema de preparo convencional (PC) de solo adotado para a cultura da batata, em sucessão à cultura do milho, a um sistema de preparo profundo (PP), em sucessão a três diferentes poáceas (milho, capim Marandu capim Tanzânia) quanto à dinâmica do crescimento da batateira. A produção em matéria seca (MS, t/ha) da parte aérea das poáceas variou conforme: Tanzânia PP (26,56) > Marandu PP (19,94) > Milho PP (5,57) = Milho PC (5,720). Com relação ao desenvolvimento da cultura da batata, para produção respectivamente de raízes e de folhas (g/planta de MS), o tratamento Milho PP (5,56 e 85,51) foi superior ao Milho PC (4,34 e 64,83), não se verificando diferença estatística entre os demais tratamentos. Para a produção de hastes, o tratamento Milho PC (5,53 g/planta MS) foi inferior a todos os tratamentos e para a produção de tubérculos, Marandu PP e Milho PP (152,16 e 149,01 g/planta MS) foram superiores ao tratamento milho PC (115,73 g/planta MS). Verificou-se assim, que o preparo profundo de solo, de forma geral, proporcionou maior desenvolvimento da batateira e que os seus efeitos em alguns parâmetros de crescimento variaram conforme a espécie de poácea utilizada em sucessão.