Especially since the last decades of the 20th century, research about resilience provided some insights into how people deal and overcome adversity in a positive way. Given the recent research history on this topic, discussion about theories and measures is still ongoing. In this study we aim to explore the structural invariance of the Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale (RS), one of the most widely used measures of resilience, across Portuguese and Brazilian adolescents. A sample of 969 adolescents with ages ranging between 13 and 18 years old completed the RS. A five- and a two-factor structure for the full RS version with 25 items and a one-factor structure for a RS short version, composed of 14 items, were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). After determining the best fitting structure, a multi-group CFA was performed to test the invariance of the instrument across the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. The five- and two-factor structures for the full version revealed a poor fit. The one-factor structure revealed a good fit in both samples. Moreover, evidence for the partial measurement invariance of the short version across both samples was found. Our results indicate that the RS short version can be used for cross-cultural studies of resilience in both countries and that the five- and two-factor structures might be inadequate for comparison purposes.
RESUMO:Embora nos últimos anos tenha vindo a aumentar o número de pesquisas que examinam a resiliência e o suporte social no contexto do esporte de competição, são ainda necessários estudos que examinem estas variáveis em contexto não competitivo, junto de crianças e jovens. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar a prática esportiva, a resiliência e o suporte social junto de 1052 com idades entre os 12 e os 20 anos (15,53 ± 1,68), estudantes de escolas públicas brasileiras. Inicialmente, examinaram-se as relações entre o sexo e a idade com a prática esportiva, resiliência e suporte social. Em seguida, averiguou-se a existência de diferenças nos níveis de resiliência e suporte social em função de diferentes níveis de prática esportiva. Os participantes preencheram uma bateria de questionários. Os resultados revelaram que os alunos mais novos praticavam esporte com mais frequência que as moças e os mais velhos. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre sexos nos níveis de resiliência, mas as moças estavam mais satisfeitas com o suporte social do que os rapazes. Os alunos no início da adolescência eram menos resilientes e estavam menos satisfeitos com o seu suporte social do que os jovens adultos e os alunos a meio da adolescência, respetivamente. Os resultados apontam ainda para uma relação significativa entre a prática esportiva e a resiliência, bem como entre a prática esportiva e o grau de satisfação dos sujeitos com suas redes de suporte social, independentemente do número de sujeitos que compunham esta rede.Palavras-chave: resiliência; psicologia do esporte; redes de suporte social; avaliação psicológica; intervenção social. ABSTRACT:Although in recent years the number of research examining resilience and social support in competitive sports context has increased, further studies are needed to examine these variables in non-competitive contexts, with children and young people. This research aimed to study sports practice, resilience and social support in 1052 Brazilian students from public schools, aged 12 and 20 years old (15.53 ± 1.68). Initially, we examined the relationship between sex and age with sports practice, resilience and social support. Afterwards, we examined differences in resilience and social support across different levels of sports practice. Participants completed a pack of questionnaires. The results revealed that the boys and younger students practiced sport
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