Monitoring for wild yeast contaminants is an essential component of the management of the industrial fuel ethanol manufacturing process. Here we describe the isolation and molecular identification of 24 yeast species present in bioethanol distilleries in northeast Brazil that use sugar cane juice or cane molasses as feeding substrate. Most of the yeast species could be identified readily from their unique amplification-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprint. Yeast of the species Dekkera bruxellensis, Candida tropicalis, Pichia galeiformis, as well as a species of Candida that belongs to the C. intermedia clade, were found to be involved in acute contamination episodes; the remaining 20 species were classified as adventitious. Additional physiologic data confirmed that the presence of these major contaminants cause decreased bioethanol yield. We conclude that PCR fingerprinting can be used in an industrial setting to monitor yeast population dynamics to early identify the presence of the most important contaminant yeasts.
Introduction: Acquired hemophilia A is very rare autoimmune disorder caused by an autoantibody to factor VIII that interferes with its coagulant function. It may be associated with a number of conditions such as lymphoproliferative disorders, drugs and solid malignancies. Hemarthrosis in Acquired hemophilia A is very rare clinical presentation and was never reported in cases induced by penicillin. Case presentation: We report a 65-year-old male, born and living in Brazil, who presented hemorrhagic episodes complicated with joint hemarthrosis due to acquired hemophilia A caused by a commonly used drug, Benzathine penicillin.Disease management was focused on controlling bleeding, primarily with the use of factor VIII inhibition bypassing activity and eradicate the autoantibody using various immunosuppressants. The challenges in manage this case included delayed diagnosis, durable remissions, difficulty achieving hemostasis. Clinical and laboratory coagulation response has improved eight weeks after only with the administration of double immunosuppression medication: corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. Conclusion: This case gives us the lesson that prompt diagnosis and treatment achieved by hematologists may improve the prognosis and prevent severe bleeding. Early detection is vital to improving outcomes.
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