BackgroundRecent studies in North American contexts have suggested that the Housing First model is a promising strategy for providing effective services to homeless people with mental illness. In the context of the highly generous French national health and social care system, which is easily accessible and does not require out-of-pocket payment, the French Health Ministry insists on rigorous techniques, including randomized protocols, to evaluate the impact of Housing First approaches in France.Method and designA prospective randomized trial was designed to assess the impact of a Housing First intervention on health outcomes and costs over a period of 24 months on homeless people with severe mental illness, compared to Treatment-As-Usual. The study is being conducted in four cities in France: Lille, Marseille, Paris and Toulouse. The inclusion criteria are as follows: over 18 years of age, absolutely homeless or in precarious housing, and possessing a ‘high’ level of need: diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and moderate to severe disability according to the Multnomah Community Ability Scale (score ≤ 62) and at least one of the following three criteria: 1) having been hospitalized for mental illness two or more times in any one year during the preceding five years; 2) co-morbid alcohol or substance use; and 3) having been recently arrested or incarcerated. Participants will be randomized to receiving the Housing First intervention or Treatment-As-Usual. The Housing First intervention provides immediate access to independent housing and community care. The primary outcome criterion is the use of high-cost health services (that is,, number of hospital admissions and number of emergency department visits) during the 24-month follow-up period. Secondary outcome measures include health outcomes, social functioning, housing stability and contact with police services. An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of Housing First will also be conducted. A total of 300 individuals per group will be included.DiscussionThis is the first study to examine the impact of a Housing First intervention compared to Treatment-As-Usual in France. It should provide key information to policymakers concerning the cost-effectiveness and health outcomes of the Housing First model in the French context.Trial registrationThe current clinical trial number is NCT01570712

This paper is a qualitative analysis of the effects of accompagnement, a support framework, on recovery trajectories of people with long-term homelessness and severe psychiatric disorders during 24 months in a Housing First-type program in France. A comprehensive methodology based on grounded theory was used to construct an interview guide, conduct multiple interviews with 35 Housing First participants sampled for heterogeneity, and produce memos on their trajectories before and after entering the program based on interview information. Thematic analysis of a representative subsample (n = 13) of memos identified 12 objective factors and 6 subjective factors key to the recovery process. An in-depth re-analysis of the memos generated four recovery themes: (1) the need for secure space favorable to self-reflexivity; (2) a “honeymoon” effect; (3) the importance of even weak social ties; (4) support from and hope among peers. Three challenges to recovery were identified: (1) finding a balance between protection and risk; (2) breaking downward spirals; (3) bifurcating the trajectory. This study provides new insight into the recovery process, understood as a non-linear transformation of an experience—the relationship between objective life conditions and subjective perception of those conditions—which reinforces protective support over risk elements.

BackgroundIn 2006, a local collective combating homelessness set up an ‘experimental squat’ in an abandoned building in Marseille, France’s second largest city. They envisioned the squat as an alternative to conventional health and social services for individuals experiencing long-term homelessness and severe psychiatric disorders. Building on what they learned from the squat, some then joined a larger coalition that succeeded in convincing national government decision-makers to develop a scientific, intervention-based programme based on the Housing First model. This article analyses the political process through which social movement activism gave way to support for a state-funded programme for homeless people with mental disorders.MethodsA qualitative study of this political process was conducted between 2006 and 2014, using a hybrid theoretical perspective that combines attention to both top-down and bottom-up actions with a modified Advocacy Coalition Framework. In addition to document analysis of published and grey literature linked to the policy process, researchers drew on participant observation and observant participation of the political process. Data analysis consisted primarily of a thematic analysis of field-notes and semi-structured interviews with 65 relevant actors.ResultsA coalition of local activists, state officials and national service providers transformed knowledge about a local innovation (an experimental therapeutic squat) into the rationale for a national, scientifically based project consisting of a randomised controlled trial of four state-supported Housing First sites, costing several million euros. The coalition’s strategy was two-pronged, namely to defend a social cause (the right to housing) and to promote a scientifically validated means of realising positive outcomes (housing tenure) and cost-effectiveness (reduced hospitalisation costs).ConclusionActivists’ self-agency, especially that of making themselves audible to public authorities, was enhanced by the coalition’s ability to seize ‘windows of opportunities’ to their advantage. However, in contrast to the United States and Canadian Housing First contexts, which are driven by implementation science and related approaches, it was grassroots activists who promoted a scientific-technical approach among government officials unfamiliar with evidence-based practices in France. The windows of opportunity nevertheless failed to attract participation of those most in need of housing, raising the question of whether and how marginalised and/or subordinate groups can be integrated into collaborative research when a social movement-driven innovation turns into a scientific approach.Trial registrationThe current clinical trial number is NCT01570712. Registered July 17, 2011. First patient enrolled August 18, 2011.

Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Érès. © Érès. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays.La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.

No abstract

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, certaines municipalités investissent volontairement le champ de la santé mentale, bien au-delà de leurs compétences, dans un souci de développer une approche transversale des problématiques de santé mentale (logement, insertion, sécurité...). La souffrance psychosociale qui s’exprime à eux, à travers des sollicitations diverses, institutionnelles (phénomènes dits de « patate chaude ») ou habitantes, les interpellent dans leur fonction de régulation du bien vivre ensemble. Dans ce contexte, un certain nombre de villes françaises ont développé des conseils locaux de santé mentale conçus comme des instances de concertation pilotées ou copilotées par une ou plusieurs municipalités associant professionnels de tous horizons et usagers. Ces instances fournissent un cadre pour l’élaboration collective de projets adaptés aux besoins locaux (prévention, accès aux soins, promotion de la santé, insertion des personnes en souffrance psychique par le logement, l’emploi, la culture). Plus généralement, les conseils locaux de santé mentale constituent un outil au service d’une prise en charge cohérente et coordonnée des personnes ayant des troubles psychiques sur un territoire, ainsi qu’un cadre concret d’action pour la promotion de la citoyenneté de ces mêmes personnes.

La santé au risque du social Numéro 55, printemps 2006 URI : id.erudit.org/iderudit/013227ar

L’analyse proposée dans cet article caractérise divers aspects sur lesquels se cristallisent les croyances et les intérêts de catégories d’acteurs issus d’univers hétérogènes impliqués dans la mise en place du programme français « Un chez-soi d’abord ». Elle distingue le processus selon lequel des coalitions d’acteurs se forment, et les enjeux plus profonds d’un véritable changement dans l’action publique. Le « Un chez-soi d’abord » provoque un choc culturel résultant de deux caractéristiques propres au programme : la définition par la recherche des critères d’accès au logement et l’individualisation de l’accompagnement dans le logement issu de la valorisation du savoir d’expérience. Les critères qui donnent la priorité à l’accès au programme sont en même temps ceux qui sont considérés comme potentiellement à risque dans le système habituel. En voulant remédier à un paradoxe – les candidats au logement sont qualifiés à la fois comme prioritaires et à risque –, l’expérimentation reporte à plus tard la responsabilité collective de la définition des critères d’accès au logement mais fait peser immédiatement sur les équipes dédiées et leurs partenaires la gestion partagée d’une prise de risque, heureuse ou malheureuse.