-La dédicace grecque découverte en 2007 à l'intérieur de la station de captage d'Ain el-Fijé, dans la vallée du Barada (Syrie), complète le dossier de l'un des sanctuaires romains de l'antique Abilène. Ce texte est ici publié et commenté. La question de l'architecture du lieu saint, abordée jusqu'à présent d'après les témoignages numismatiques, les relations des géographes médiévaux et les récits des voyageurs modernes, est ensuite reconsidérée d'après les photos des vestiges conservés sur le site. Le sanctuaire de Fijé représenté sur des monnaies de Damas est consacré au Barada, divinisé sous le nom grec Chrysorrhoas depuis l'époque hellénistique, et vénéré aussi bien en Damascène qu'en Abilène sous l'Empire romain. Abstract-A Greek dedication was discovered in 2007 inside the spring station of 'Ayn al-Fijeh (Barada valley, Syria). This text supplements the information on one of the Roman sanctuaries of ancient Abilene. The issue of the architecture of the holy place is then taken into consideration after the photographs of the remains still in situ. The sanctuary of Fijeh is depicted on the coins of Damascus. It was consecrated to the river-god Barada, known under the Greek name Chrysorrhoas since the Hellenistic period and honoured in Damascene as well as in Abilene under the Roman Empire.
Different forms of charity, relief and humanitarian action can be jointly approached as a means of governance and social regulation. More precisely, in the Middle East the question of stability – social and political – can be considered as a central driver for local and international actors alike. This study adopts a broad historical framework, reaching from antiquity to the present day, with the aim of approaching the subject with an openness conducive to understanding the evolution of the actors, modes of action and representations underlying aid initiatives. The longue durée approach allows to show two main specificities of the modern and contemporary Middle East: firstly, the evolution of aid practices is directly linked to human mobility, since they are connected to religious practices, commerce or violence, which led to the need to take a census, to categorise and sometimes isolate populations in order to govern and control them. Secondly, in the absence of the welfare state as the most important provider of aid, the state has until today in the Middle East much less prominence among the multiplicity of aid providers, such as the family, non-governmental, religious and community organisations.
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