Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbitone increased hepatic microsomal 7-methoxy-and 7-ethoxy-coumarin O-dealkylase activities. Pretreatment with beta-naphthoflavone increased only the 7-ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylase activity. The addition of metyrapone in vitro inhibited the O-dealkylations to different extents. Similar results were obtained with diphenyloxazole and ethanol. These results are taken to indicate that different forms of cytochrome P-450 are involved in the O-dealkylation of these two substrates. The pattern of metabolism (Phase I and Phase II) of each alkoxycoumarin in rat isolated hepatocytes was very similar. The sulphate conjugate was the major metabolite produced, the amount of which approached a plateau as the rate of O-dealkylation increased. It is concluded that the type of cytochrome P-450 involved in the initial Phase I metabolism does not influence the subsequent pattern of conjugation.
The degradation of polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBC) and polyhexylcyanoacrylate (PHC) nanoparticles, together with their association with and toxicity towards isolated hepatocytes, were determined. Nanoparticles were not taken up by rat hepatocytes at a significant level. The LD50S of PBC and PHC nanoparticles towards hepatocytes were 0.4 mg/2 x 10(6) cells and greater than 1 mg/2 x 10(6) cells respectively. This hepatocyte toxicity cannot be attributed solely to the formaldehyde formed during degradation.
The rate of production of 4-hydroxybiphenyl from 4-methoxybiphenyl in hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats was essentially identical to that from biphenyl in hepatocytes isolated from rats pretreated with beta-naphthoflavone at 40 mg/kg. Similar results were obtained using liver microsomes isolated from untreated or treated rats. The selective inhibition of these reactions by metyrapone, alpha-naphthoflavone and ethanol demonstrated that different forms of cytochrome P-450 are responsible for O-demethylation of 4-methoxybiphenyl in livers of untreated rats and 4-hydroxylation of biphenyl in livers of pretreated rats. The pattern of conjugation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl generated from biphenyl in hepatocytes isolated from pretreated rats was different from that for 4-hydroxybiphenyl generated from 4-methoxybiphenyl in hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats, there being a 60% decrease in sulphation measured after 60 min incubation with biphenyl. Glucuronidation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl was not affected. The sulphation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl added directly was significantly decreased in hepatocytes isolated from pretreated rats. The initial rate of glucuronidation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl added directly was not altered by the pretreatment, but there was a significant decrease in overall glucuronidation measured over a 60 min incubation. Similar results were obtained using liver slices. beta-Naphthoflavone added directly to liver slices significantly decreased the extent of sulphation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl but did not influence glucuronidation. There was evidence of a late decrease in biphenyl 4-hydroxylase activity in hepatocytes isolated from pretreated rats. It is concluded that the differences observed in the cellular metabolism of biphenyl and 4-methoxybiphenyl can be ascribed to competition between beta-naphthoflavone and/or its metabolites retained within the cells following pretreatment, and biphenyl and/or its metabolites for the pathways common to their metabolism. It is also concluded that the type of cytochrome P-450 involved in the generation of 4-hydroxybiphenyl does not, per se, influence the subsequent pattern of conjugation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.