Background:The virulence factor HlyA elicits [Ca 2ϩ ] i oscillations in renal epithelial cells. Results: These oscillations and following IL-6 release are reduced by inhibition or lack of P2Y 2 receptors. Conclusion: The effects of HlyA in renal epithelial cells are mediated by P2Y 2 receptors. Significance: ATP release and P2Y 2 receptor activation are essential parts of the early interaction between Escherichia coli and the renal epithelium.
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