Validation of the whoqol-bref quality of life questionnaire among Chilean older people (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 579-586).

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Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documentoPurpose – This paper aims to describe an evaluation instrument designed to detect physical barriers and risks in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) performance by senior citizens and presents findings obtained in a representative sample of older persons living in housing programs provided by the State of Chile. Its aim is to develop an objective instrument which can serve as reference point for housing adaptations and improvement or for the use in new designs, appropriate to the changing functional capacities of this age group. Design/methodology/approach – The research is broadly framed in an ecological perspective. It draws on an empirical study, observing older people’s BADLs performance in selected State provided housing in the Santiago area. The approach includes some quantitative but mainly qualitative aspects from a descriptive, explanatory and cross sectional perspective. Objective observation of functional BADLs performance, as well as subjective users’ perspectives, is compared. Findings – State housing design is significant in BADLs performance, limiting functionality in one third of associated operations observed. These mainly concerned demanding reaching requirements associated with height, but also extended to other inadequacies in design or lack of elements in different situations, which act as barriers or bring potential risks. Research limitations/implications – Heterogeneity in the functional conditions of older people regardless of age and gender, as well as different housing types makes it difficult to develop standardized recommendations, requiring a tailored approach in the case of adaptations, thus limiting coverage. Further research should be carried out after performing corrective adaptations to evaluate the impact of these interventions. Practical implications – The paper prompts a reassessment, by State housing providers, of the architectural design of housing types for older people as well as the adaptation of existing units to extend independence in time rather than undermine it. Social implications – The study of the effects of architectural design of housing on older people’s independence when performing BADLs is underdeveloped and should be increased in order to promote a better quality of life for this age group through a more friendly and inclusive environment. Originality/value – This research attempts to generate an objective instrument, useful to provide evidence for architects, designers and policy makers and suitable to be applied in other housing contexts in order to improve the habitat and older people’s quality of life.Chile’s Scientific and Technological Development State Research Funding Program, (FONDECYT) grant No 1110063 and MAPFRE Foundation of Spain

RESUMENEl presente artículo entrega una revisión de la modernización de la sociedad chilena en relación a sus efectos en la familia, con la intención de contribuir en la identificación de aspectos que participan en el proceso de condicionamiento de dos generaciones del siglo XX. Esta aproximación se realizó poniendo especial atención al papel del Estado y las relaciones de pareja y entre padres e hijos. PALABRAS CLAVE: ESTADO, EDADES, GÉNERO *Este texto se inscribe en el marco de ejecución del proyecto ConicytBanco Mundial, Anillos en Ciencias Sociales (ACS-33), «Observatorio Social del Envejecimiento y la Vejez en Chile».

a partir de los años setenta, el estudio de la calidad de vida, desde una perspectiva biomédica, psicológica y social, comienza a hacerse más sistemático y relevante en el mundo académico. la calidad de vida se la ha definido, principalmente desde un punto de vista subjetivo (oMS, 1995), destacando la percepción de las personas sobre diversos ámbitos de sus vidas, donde lo importante es destacar la relevancia del contexto social y cultural y del sistema de valores en el que experimentan su vida cotidiana.en cuanto al estudio y la medición de la calidad de vida en la vejez, se ha puesto el énfasis en los aspectos biomédicos de la vida de las personas. Sin embargo, la revisión de bibliografía en el tema muestra que hay otros factores importantes, tales como: grados de autonomía, interacciones y redes sociales, condiciones económicas, vivienda y entorno urbano, actividades recreativas y de ocio, relación con cuidadores y capacidad de tomar decisiones al final de la vida, e incluso, la misma dimensión biográfica, influirían en la percepción de calidad de vida.

Quality of life (QOL) of older people is becoming an important public health concern and should be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic and individual determinants of QOL of older subjects living in metropolitan Santiago, Chile. We first carried out a qualitative phase with focus groups of older people. According to the conclusions of the focus groups, a questionnaire about QOL was devised and added to the WhoQoL (World Health Organization Quality of Life) and WHOQoL-Old brief questionnarires. The final document with 85 questions was applied to healthy older subjects living in the community. A total of 1,676 subjects aged 71.8±7.4 years (1,189 women) took part in the survey. A multiple stepwise regression model showed that a higher socioeconomic level, a better educational level, performing voluntary work, having a partner, participating in groups with other older people, and being younger were factors independently associated with a higher QOL. A principal components analysis showed that psychological health and social relationships were the main domains that explained the total quality of life score. Psychological health and social relationships were the main determinants of QOL in this sample of older Chilean people living in metropolitan Santiago

ResumenEl proceso biológico de envejecimiento origina un conjunto de concepciones y prácticas socioculturales que lo transforman también en una categoría social. La "vejez" actual está determinada por un conjunto de factores nuevos, como el aumento de la longevidad, que transforman los roles asociados a esas edad, las identidades de género y las estructuras familiares, lo que plantea nuevos desafíos culturales y políticos.Palabras clave: Adultocentrismo, vejez, tercera edad, longevidad. AbstractThe biological aging process originates a whole set of cultural concepts and practices that transform the "Old age" also into a social category. Today, the old age is determined by new factors, such as increased longevity, which transform the roles associated with that age: gender identities and family structures. This phenomena challenges contemporary societies and its political and cultural structures. Keywords: Adulthoos, Old age, Longevity IntroducciónLos conceptos sobre el paso del tiempo, la vida, el envejecimiento y la muerte, no sólo son conceptos sobre el paso del tiempo, la vida, el envejecimiento o la muerte, sino que configuran y están dentro de la visión de mundo en nuestra sociedad. Hablar de envejecimiento encierra una visión del ciclo de vida y de lo que somos. La edad es uno de los principios universales de la 1 Trabajo desarrollado en el marco del Proyecto CONICYT-Banco Mundial, Anillo de Ciencias Sociales Nº ACS-33 "Observatorio Social del Envejecimiento y la Vejez en Chile", del cual la autora es investigadora asociada.