Equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis are infectious inflammatory diseases of the hooves with an unknown etiology. However, anaerobic spirochetes of the genus Treponema are considered to be potential etiological agents. The aim of this study was to find a suitable way to isolate DNA and to detect the presence of treponemal DNA in samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. DNAzol®® Direct and column kits were used to isolate DNA from samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. The presence of Treponema spp. was detected using PCR and Sanger sequencing. DNAzol®® Direct is suitable for isolating DNA from these types of samples. Treponemal DNA was detected in equine hoof samples as well as in bovine digital dermatitis skin samples. In equine hoof biopsies, the most frequently detected was Treponema pedis (8/13). Treponema brennaborense (2/13) and Treponema denticola (2/13) were also found. In the case of bovine digital dermatitis, Treponema medium ssp. bovis was confirmed in 14 of 36 skin samples. Treponema pedis (9/36), Treponema vincentii (1/36), Treponema phagedenis (1/36), and Treponema brennaborense (1/36) were detected as well. DNAzol®® Direct was more appropriate for isolation of treponemal DNA because the columns isolation method was more equipment and time-consuming. The presence of several Treponema spp. was determined in the samples. In horses, the most commonly detected species was a T. pedis, while in cattle it was T. medium ssp. bovis.
This article describes a case of peroneal nerve paralysis of left hind limb in 2 month old Holstein calf, weight 60 kg. The final diagnosis of the case was done based on clinical investigation. The severity of the paralysis was based on clinical findings as well as peroneal nerve motor and sensory function. Protective bandage and medical treatment was applied for three weeks. Due to poor prognosis after three week tendon transposition was performed. The operation was performed in general anaesthesia. Musculus vastus lateralis was dissected at the insertion and musculus extensor digitalis longus and musculus fibularis tertius were dissected at the origin. Ends of tendons were sutured by using the Bunnel suture with 4 simple interrupted sutures around. A bandage was applied to the extremity for three weeks. Postoperatively, no complications such as suture dehiscence or failure of the tendon anastomosis was seen. After the period of three weeks the bandage was removed and calf was allowed to move freely and put weight on leg correctly. Results of the case confirm that peroneal paralysis can be successfully treated by a tendon transposition technique.
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