Introduction. Europe is the region with the greatest proportion of deaths (16%) attributable to tobacco smoking worldwide. Medical students and physicians should set an example of tobacco-smoking abstinence for their patients. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare opinions on behaviors and attitudes of Czech and Polish medical students about tobacco smoking and the position of a physician in anti-smoking counseling. Material and methods. The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was conducted among 707 medical students in Czech Republic in 2011 and among 1164 medical students in Poland. Results. Twety percent of polish and 25,7% of Czech medical students declared current tobacco smoking. Eighty-one percent in Poland and 60% in Czech Republic felt that physicians should be trained in smoking cessation techniques but only 27% of the medical students in Poland and 2,8% in Czech Republic , declared that such a course had been realized during the course of their education. Conclusion. Over a fifth of Polish students and a quarter of Czech students declared themselves as active smokers. It is worrying that about half of Polish students were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, while only one-fifth of Czech students declared such exposure. Polish and Czech students agreed that the doctor will play an important role in the patient’s smoking cessation process and that physicians should give advice on quitting smoking.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) in Podkarpackie in Poland is the third most common cancer in males (12.6% cancer diagnoses), and second among women (10.1% of recognised cancers).Aim: An analysis of the trends in CRC incidence in the years 1963-2014 in Podkarpackie in the south-east of Poland. Material and methods: A total of 19,460 CRC cases recorded in the period 1963-2014 in the National Cancer Registry as ICD C18-C21 cases were analysed.Results: The overall cancer incidence rate in Podkarpackie Province was 20.4 in men and 16.8 in women per 100 thousand, and was lower than the Polish population by 12.4% for men and by 17.6% for women, respectively, in comparison to general Polish population rates. The mean age of CRC diagnosis grew from 64.0 years in males and 64.5 years in females in 1963-1969 to 67.6 and 68.4 years in 2010, respectively. Conclusions: In 1964 the CRC incidence rate in the Podkarpackie region increased 12.7-fold in males and 8.1-fold in females. There was an observed stable growth of average annual increase in the CRC incidence rate in men in 1963-1999, but since 2000 a decline in this rate has been observed. In females there was a tendency towards increased average CRC incidence rate in Podkarpackie since 2000, while in the whole country the female population presented a stable decrease of this coefficient.
Introduction: Mortality among children is a major problem for many countries and international organisations. Although mortality among children under five years old is declining around the world (including infant mortality), in many countries this progress is still worryingly slow. Aim of the study: To determine dynamics of infant mortality changes in the Podkarpackie province in the years 2000-2017 and study the trend for the future. Material and methods: The material for the study was information on infant deaths registered in the years 2000-2017 in Poland and the Podkarpackie province, taking into account the child's sex and place of residence. The data was obtained from the Central Statistical Office. The total mortality rate of infants and newborns per 1000 live births and the average annual rate of decline in the infant mortality rate were calculated. In mortality forecasts for the subsequent years 2018-2025, a curvilinear regression model was applied using the exponential function. Results: In the years 2000-2017 in Podkarpackie province, infant mortality, like neonatal mortality, decreased by more than a half (from 7.17 deaths per 1000 live births in infants in 2000 and 5.13 deaths per 1000 live births in newborns to 3.28 and 2.42, respectively, per 1000 live births in 2017). The average annual rate of decline in infant mortality in Poland amounted to 4.1%, while in Podkarpackie province it was 4.5%. In the group of newborns, the rate was slightly lower and amounted to 3.9% and 4.3%, respectively. In Poland, the excess mortality of boys between 20 and 25% was found, while in Podkarpackie large fluctuations were observed (from 4% to 43% in particular years). The number of infant deaths both in the city and in the countryside decreased by 45-60%, in the Podkarpackie province and in Poland. The forecast value of infant mortality in Podkarpackie province for 2018-2025 is between 3.80 (2018) and 2.85 (2025) per 100 live births. Conclusions: In the years 2000-2017 in Podkarpackie province, infant mortality as well as neonatal mortality decreased by more than a half (from 7.17 deaths per 1000 live births for infants and 5.13 per 1000 live births for newborns in 2000 to 3.28 and 2.42, respectively, in 2017). The phenomenon of excess mortality of boys was found among infants. The infant mortality rate in rural areas in Podkarpackie province remained at a similar level to the national rate, while in the city in 2004-2006 it clearly exceeded it. The predicted infant mortality up to 2025 will show a downward trend.
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