Recently a view has emerged in the literature that low inflation may also be influenced, among other variables, by demography. However, there is little empirical evidence for this hypothesis. The motivation of this paper is to assess whether inflation is linked to the population age structure, and especially whether an increased old-age dependency ratio is correlated with a lower inflation rate. To check this hypothesis, a panel data model is used. The model is estimated for 32 OECD member economies over the period from 1971 to 2015. We regress the changes in consumer price inflation on a set of macroeconomic variables. The results of the estimations suggest that there is a relation between demography and low-frequency inflation. A larger old-age dependency ratio is indeed correlated with lower inflation. Therefore, ongoing population ageing may exert downward pressure on inflation. This confirms some of the previous empirical findings that ageing is deflationary when related to increased life expectancy.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation between occupational segregation and the gender wage differences using data on three-digit occupational level of classification. The authors examine whether a statistically significant relation between the share of men in employment and the size of the unexplained part of the gender wage gap exists. Design/methodology/approach Traditional Oaxaca (1973) – Blinder (1973) decomposition is performed to examine the differences in the gender wage gaps among minor occupational groups. Two types of reweighted decomposition – based on the parametric estimate of the propensity score and non-parametric proposition presented by Barsky et al. (2002) – are used as the robustness check. The analysis is based on individual data available from Poland. Findings The results indicate no strong relation between occupational segregation and the size of unexplained differences in wages. The unexplained wage differences are the smallest in strongly female-dominated and mixed occupations; the highest are observed in male-dominated occupations. However, they are probably to a large extent the result of other, difficult to include in the econometric model, factors rather than the effects of wage discrimination: differences in the psychophysical conditions of men and women, cultural background, tradition or habits. The failure to take them into account may result in over-interpreting the unexplained parts as gender discrimination. Research limitations/implications The highest accuracy of the estimated gender wage gap is obtained for the occupational groups with a similar proportion of men and women in employment. In other male- or female-dominated groups, the size of the estimated gender wage gaps depends on the estimation method used. Practical implications The results suggest that decreasing the degree of segregation of men and women in different occupations could reduce the wage differences between them, as the wage discrimination in gender balanced occupations is the smallest. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few conducted at such a disaggregated level of occupations, and one of few studies focused on Central and Eastern European countries and the first one for Poland.
This study concentrates on the effect of foreign ownership of companies on worker wage distribution. Using an innovative methodological approach that combines the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and the modified DiNardo et al. reweighting approach, we estimate the wage gap between domestic-owned and foreign-owned firms. The study confirms that firm ownership (domestic or foreign) influences the wage distribution of workers, as a worker employed in a foreign-owned firm earns, on average, 5 percent more than a matched worker in a domestic-owned firm with similar characteristics. We link that gap with an origin of foreign capital. This analysis demonstrates that the origin of capital has an impact on wage distribution in the firm and may affect wages in the whole section.
Artykuł powstał w ramach projektu badawczego finansowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki DEC-2013/09/B/HS4/01304. Autorzy dziękują uczestnikom Warsztatów Doktorskich z zakresu Statystyki i Ekonometrii, Konferencji Katedry Makroekonomii Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego oraz Warsaw International Economic Meeting za uwagi i komentarze, które wzbogaciły tekst.
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