International audienceThe study investigated seasonal changes in the photo-regulatory mechanisms of microphytobenthosfound in intertidal mudflats (Aiguillon Bay, the Atlantic, France) and non-tidal sandy coastal shallows(Puck Bay, the Baltic, Poland) based on photosynthetic pigment characteristics and the estimates ofphotosynthetic parameters obtained through oxygen evolution measurements. The intertidal communitiesconsisted of motile diatom species typical of epipelon. The non-tidal microphytobenthos wascomposed of epipsammic species mostly belonging to four taxonomic groups chiefly contributing to theassemblage biomass, namely cyanobacteria, euglenophytes, green algae and diatoms (comprising mainlysmall-sized species). The epipelon was low light acclimated as shown by the lower values of photoprotective/photosynthetic (PPC/PSC) carotenoids and diatoxanthin/diadinoxanthin (Dt/Dd) ratios. Incontrast, the epipsammon exhibited features of high light acclimation (high PPC/PSC and Dt/Dd ratios). Inboth microphytobenthos types, the photosynthetic capacity (Pm) showed the same seasonal variationpattern and there were no statistically significant differences between the investigated sites in correspondingseasons (P > 0.05). In both assemblage types, the photosynthetic efficiency at limiting irradiance(a) decreased over time. The epipelon had higher a compared to the epipsammon. Seasonal changesof the photoacclimation index (Ek) estimated for the epipelic communities reflected variations observedin Pm, whereas in the epipsammon an increasing trend in Ek values was observed. Ek was always higherfor the epipsammon when comparing analogous seasons, which further corroborated low and high lightacclimation in the epipelic and epipsammic communities, respectively. The presence of the photoinhibitionparameter (b) in the epipelon and the lack of it in the epipsammon suggested that the latterwas resistant to high irradiance and the physiological mechanisms were sufficient to protect it fromphotoinhibition. In the epipelon, a downturn in photosynthetic rates showed that it was susceptible tohigh light intensities, suggesting that physiological photoprotective mechanisms must be supported bybehavioural photoacclimation in order to avoid damaging light influence
This chapter describes bioinvasions as an example of a relatively new crosscutting domain of environmental governance whose management is affected by a high level of uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. In the Baltic Sea region, legislation and policies related to invasive alien species (IAS) are still under development, and as a consequence, there are a few legally binding instruments dealing with the problem. Due to the fact that environmental changes linked to other environmental risks (eutrophication, maritime transportation, climate change) may intensify biological incursions, development of a uniform policy, followed by its ratifi cation among EU Member States in the Baltic Sea region as well as Russia, is generally seen as a top priority for many actors involved in environmental governance. Hence, the adoption of a precautionary approach and the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) driven by precise goals and executed by policies and best practices are proposed as holistic and necessary management tools for preventing and controlling bioinvasions. This chapter focuses on barriers and opportunities for the implementation of the EAM concept and on identifying possible ways to improve the effectiveness of IAS management. Finally, we argue that biological invasions and in particular their consequences may impact on a wide set of ecosystem goods and services, and therefore, holistic management that takes into account interdependencies among environmental issues is required.
W wyniku niedawnej nowelizacji ustawy o odpadach dodany został art. 26a, który umożliwia organom administracji zastępcze usunięcie odpadówz miejsc nieprzeznaczonych do ich składowania i magazynowania. Nowelizacja ustawy o odpadach podyktowana jest koniecznością rozwiązania problemu usunięcia odpadów z miejsc na ten cel nieprzeznaczonych, jak również z miejsc, w których zakończono działalność w zakresie gospodarki odpadami niezgodnie z przepisami obowiązującego prawa. Gromadzenie odpadów w miejscach do tego nieprzeznaczonych często stwarza zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia ludzkiego, dlatego koniecznym stało się wyposażenie organów administracji w środki prawne, które umożliwią im podjęcie szybkiej reakcji na istniejące zagrożenie. Od wejścia w życie art. 26a u.o. minął rok, dlatego jest to dobry moment, aby zastanowić się, czy dodanie niniejszego przepisu stanowi dla organów administracji pomoc w walce z nielegalnym gromadzeniem odpadów.
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