Our aim was to assess the mineral composition as well as the physicochemical quality of green tea-based dietary supplements (capsules and tablets) with respect to average weight, size and shape, friability, breaking force and disintegration time. Products were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd. Approximately 60% of the analysed supplements met the requirements of European and Polish regulations. The dietary supplements passed weight variation tests, but not all products had compliant capsule sizes. One product in tablet form failed the friability test, and eleven dietary supplements in tablet form failed the disintegration test. The supplements were characterised by a varied elemental composition, with the highest values found for Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn. The recommended daily allowance realisation for Fe and Zn in two dietary supplements (capsule form) exceeded 100%. As a result of the estimation of the monthly intake of toxic metals, it was concluded that the tested products do not pose a risk to consumer health. Significant relationships (p < 0.001) were found for K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The application of factor and cluster analyses allowed the verification of the similarity of green tea extracts contained in dietary supplements to the natural raw material, green tea leaves, used as a reference material.
Abstract:The objective of the present study was to determine diurnal variation of ammonia emission in pig fattening facilities. Measurements Higher differences in ammonia emission per pig, during day and night time were observed in first part (11-22 weeks) of fattening period (25 %). In the last part (22-26 weeks) of fattening period, diurnal variation of ammonia emission decreased to 17 % and was lowest in last week's (5 %). This could be explained with pigs' change activity pattern (day/night), especially, pigs with lower status of social hierarchy. Key words: pigs, diurnal variation, ammonia emissions, microclimatic conditions
Celem pracy była ocena oddziaływania zrekultywowanego składowiska odpadów komunalnych w gm. Dywity (woj. warmińsko-mazurskie) na występowanie w glebach metali ciężkich. W ramach podjętych badań z czaszy składowiska i jego okolic pobrano 16 prób gleby. Próby pobierano zgodnie z kierunkami stron świata w odległości 5, 10 i 15 m od czaszy lub rowu opaskowego. W trakcie analiz laboratoryjnych oznaczono zawartość wybranych metali ciężkich (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co i Cd), zarówno ich form całkowitych i przyswajalnych. Uzyskane wyniki wska-zują na duże zróżnicowanie zawartości pierwiastków w analizowanej glebie, co było zależne od badanego metalu jak również od lokalizacji miejsca poboru i odległości od składowiska. Największą koncentrację większości oznaczonych metali ciężkich wykazano w glebie pobranej po północnej stronie składowiska, zlokalizowanej przy wjeździe na teren badanego obiektu. Wykazano liczne ujemne zależności między zawartością metali ciężkich a wzrastającą odległością od składowiska. Pomimo tych obserwacji nie stwierdzono przekroczenia przyjętych norm (Dz. U. 2016 r. poz. 1395) w zakresie zanieczyszczenia gleby analizowanymi pierwiastkami śladowymi.
The effect of vacuum fan on the gaseous composition inside a pre-fattening facility was examined during the growing of seven groups of piglets. The experiment involved measurements of O 2 , CO 2 , NH 3 , and H 2 S concentration at varying airflows (0.18, 0.27, 0.34, 0.47 ms -1 ) and varying flow rates (89.77, 135.14, 168.91 and 233.49 m 3 h -1 ) inside the barn with 35.96 m 2 area and volume of 86 m 3 to evaluate compliance with legal exposure limits. The measuring points were located 5 cm and 66 cm above the ground in the seven pens and in the service corridor. The humblest gas composition was found 5 cm above the concrete floor and in the corners with slower airflows, but it was statistically significantly improved with the use of stronger airflow. The installation of the second fan would enable ideal climate, since both fans together could work at lower airflows with less energy consumption. The consistent air ventilation would also reduce animal stress and simultaneously increase the efficiency of feeding.
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