ELECTEPulmonary injury resulting from inhalation of chemical and particulate JUN 1 7 1992 mortality following burn injury. In this study, the histopathology of inhalation injury was examined in sheep. Mild, moderate, or severe smoke injury was produced in anesthetized sheep by insufflation with various doses of ambient temperature smoke, generated by burning polyethylene, wood pulp, and nonwoven cellulose pads. A total of 64 sheep were exposed and evaluated at times ranging from 15 minutes to 4 weeks after exposure. Morphologic changes in the lungs were studied using light microscopy and both NE transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The primary, dose-responsive injury observed was acute cell membrane damage in the trachea and bronchi leading to edema, progressive necrotic tracheobronchitis with pseudomembrane formation, and airway obstruction. These inflammatory and =A occlusive effects were followed by congestion, alveolar space edema, atelectasis, and bronchopneumonia. Morphologic changes occurring in the alveolar epithelium following high smoke dosage included intracellular edema = in type-I cells, changes in the membrane-bound vacuoles of type-II cells, and CD septal thickening caused by interstitial edema. No capillary endothelial changes were observed. Inhalation injury accompanies cutaneous burn injuryMATERIALS AND METHODS in 32%-38% of severely burned patients, and the survival The Animal Welfare Act and other Federal statutes and rate in patients with inhalation injuries is poor.' In recent regulations relating to animals and experiments involving aniyears early diagnosis of smoke inhalation and evaluation mals and the guidelines set forth in the Guide for the Care and of its severity have been of increased clinical interest, Use of Laboratory Animals, National Institutes of Health Pubbut more knowledge of the pathogenesis and effect of the lication 86-23, were adhered to in this study.ijr wAnimals. Sixty-seven neutered, random source, 1-to 2-yearinjury would be beneficial to improve therap,.--Proper old male sheep weighing 24-46 kg were conditioned in covered studies of inhalation injury, which is influenced by smoke outdoor runs, and fed commercial chow and water ad libitum temperature, the chemical and physical composition of during a 3-week period before experimental use. Baseline hethe smoke, contact time, and the surface area exposed, matologic and blood chemistry data were accumulated before require a reliable animal model. 5''1°-14 The reproducible, experimental use. Seven sheep were used as controls and 57 dose-responsive sheep model used in this project has were exposed to smoke. The sheep individually received mild, moderate, or severe exposure to smoke and were studied at 15 facilitated the study of the pathogenesis and the mor-minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 1 week, phologic changes associated with smoke inhalation in-2 weeks, or 4 weeks after smoke exposure. The majority of the jury. Physiologic data collected from this study have been sheep were studied 24 ...
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