Crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous, is a habitat generalist species relatively common throughout its range inhabiting most environments owing to its low habitat requirements. Because no information is available for anthropogenic habitats, this study aimed to describe the species occurrence in a highly fragmented and heterogeneous landscape in southeastern Brazil. C. thous was surveyed in 95 study sites in four main land covers (native forest, eucalyptus forest, sugar cane and pasture) from April to September 2006. Presence records (ns28) and landscape variables (land cover, heterogeneity, stream and forest fragment distance, elevation and slope) were used for modeling in Maxent. The bootstrapping method was used for sampling 70% of the dataset for training and 30% for testing models. The species was equally distributed in all types of land cover, although it was more frequent in the sugar cane areas and more associated with forest fragments and heterogeneous habitats. The potential distribution model predicted forest patches and its surroundings as highly suitable for the species. It also predicted part of the sugar cane matrix as highly suitable, probably related to prey availability. Results suggested that the anthropogenic landscape studied encompasses many suitable habitats for species occurrence, resulting in the necessity to assess its potential role in vertebrate communities.
Hair microstructure characteristics have been used for species identification in taxonomic, ecological, paleontological, archeological and forensic research. This study aims to describe the hair structure from small mammals commonly found in agroecosystems of the São Paulo State. The hairs were collected from the dorsal region of previously identified specimens collected in agricultural areas (sugar-cane plantations), pasture areas, silviculture areas (eucalyptus plantation) and fragments of native vegetation (semideciduos Atlantic Forest and Cerrado). Optic microscope was not effective for describing the form and the border of scales, which were described using scanning electronic microscope. A dichotomic key of identification is presented for 11 species of non-volant small mammals (seven rodents and four marsupials).
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.
Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, José e Helena, que sempre apoiaram e incentivaram os meus estudos. Dedico também ao meu querido PedroHenrique por toda atenção, apoio, incentivo e amor. Eucalyptus plantations currently cover 4.5 million hectares of Brazilian territory. This forestry is expanding mainly over areas of extensive livestock production. The effects of the replacement of pastures by eucalyptus plantations on the distribution of small mammals are still unknown. In this context, this study aimed at to identify the distribution pattern and abundance of small mammals in an area where recently cattle pastures were converted into eucalyptus plantations. This study was carried out at Fazenda Três Lagoas and Fazenda Arca in the municipality of Angatuba, located in the Upper Paranapanema river basin, between August 2007 and July 2009. The small mammals' survey was carried out with pitfall traps distributed in 30 sampling units. Fourteen species of orders Didelphimorphia and Rodentia were captured. The abandoned pasture and the native vegetation presented a higher abundance and species richness in relation to the eucalyptus plantations. The taxocenosis of small mammals in this silvicultural landscape resembles those found in other agricultural landscapes. These results together and the current land use trend suggest that eucalyptus plantations can be relatively to small mammals. However, the remnants of native vegetation in silvicultural landscapes are essential to the conservation of these species. Os mamíferos não voadores de pequeno porte (roedores e marsupiais com massa inferior a 1,5 kg) possuem um vasto leque de estratégias locomotoras e de forrageamento, pequena área de vida e especificidade do uso de micro habitats, aliado à sensibilidade às modificações no ambiente. Isto faz deles um excelente objeto de estudo sobre os impactos de ações antrópicas associadas à mudança do uso da terra (BELLOWS et al., 2001;MALCOLM, 1995;PARDINI et al., 2005, PARDINI;PIRES et al., 2002;VIEIRA et al., 2005). CÁCERES et al., 2002; CARVALHO et al., 2005; CASTELLARINI et al., 2003; MACEDO et al., 2010;BONATO, 2004;MARTINS et al., 2006; LEINER; SILVA, 2007;LESSA; COSTA, 2010;TALAMONI et al., 2008 Mendoza, v.13, n.1, p. 11-19, 2006. CÁCERES, N.C. Diet of three didelphid marsupials (Mammalia, Didelphimorphia) in Southern Brazil. Mammalian Biology, Jena, v.69, n.6, p. 430-433, 2004. CÁCERES, N.C.; GHIZONI-JR, I.R.; GRAIPEL, M.E. Diet of two marsupials Lutreolina crassicaudata and Micoureos demerarae, in coastal Atlantic Forest island of Brazil. Mammalia, Paris, v.66, n.3, p. 331-340, 2002. MARTINS, E.G.; BONATO, V.; PINHEIRO, H.P.; REIS, S.F. Diet of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus microtarsus) (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) in a Brazilian Cerrado: patterns of food consumption and intrapopulation variation.
The present study aims at assessing allometric relationships in the Sigmodontinae rodents (Calomys tener, Akodon cf. montensis, Necromys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys flavescens, and Oligoryzomys nigripes), and morphological variation among different habitats in human-dominated environments in Southeastern Brazil. We captured rodents using pitfall traps placed in Eucalyptus plantations, abandoned pastures, and remnants of secondary native vegetation, and took the following measurements: body mass, total length, body length, left hind foot length, and left ear length. Males were usually larger than females, except in N. lasiurus. There was no intraspecific difference in body condition among habitats, suggesting that Eucalyptus may not have a deleterious effect upon its residents. However, A. cf montensis from Eucalyptus plantations had longer feet than those from other vegetation associations, suggesting a possible adaptive response to the lower cover in the plantation environment, and its consequent higher predation risk, or alternatively that only individuals with greater dispersal ability are found in Eucalyptus plantations. Future studies should investigate a possible co-evolutionary predator-prey relationship, including rapid evolution by Sigmodontinae rodents in anthropogenic landscapes.
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